Superhuman
powers are available to common citizenry
The
nanotechnology of recent decades has conferred powers to citizens that
would be considered superhuman by 21st century standards. These upgraded
"transhumans" could perform feats regarded as Godlike to denizens
of earlier times.
A suitably
upgraded individual - if transported back to the year 2000 - would be
impervious to weaponry and nearly impossible to contain. They could
morph their body into a seemingly infinite variety of forms depending
on the situation encountered.*
If trapped
in a maximum security prison, for instance, they could alter their own
molecular structure, allowing them to walk through walls.* They could broadcast electromagnetic pulse waves to disable electronic
devices, vehicles and other objects. Bullets and other projectiles would
pass through them with no effect. Microscopic cameras, distributed throughout
their body, would function as an all-round 360° sensor - covering
the entire electromagnetic spectrum and making it impossible for an
attacker to surprise them.
They could
sprint at lightning speed and cross a variety of dangerous terrain types:
even molten lava would present no obstacle to them. If necessary, they
could levitate from ground level to the roof of a skyscraper in seconds.
They could turn themselves invisible, morph into another person entirely,
or stretch their limbs like elastic.
In many
ways, they would resemble a comic book superhero or video game character.
They could
manipulate their environment in various ways, generating enough body
heat to light a fire, for example, or turning inanimate objects into
advanced nanotechnology tools, or modifying the properties of liquids.
They could heal a wounded person just by touching them. They could read
thoughts and emotions, or extract recent memories.
If standing
near others of their kind, they could link and combine their powers
to even greater levels – harnessing the power of local weather,
for example, or lifting objects weighing thousands of tons.
Their sensory
capabilities would be phenomenal. This 24th century person could view
individual atoms with the naked eye; or if they wanted to, use their
telescopic vision to see distant astronomical objects. They could hear
a whisper from miles away, or filter specific voices from a cacophony
of background noise. They could determine a precise chemical composition
just by tasting, touching or smelling it.
Due to
their various biotechnology aids and physical upgrades, they would never
require sleep. They could even survive without food and water - living
instead off the energy of their surrounding environment, which would
be absorbed into their photosynthetic, piezoelectric skin. This same
external layering would keep them at peak levels of physical performance,
as well as shielding them from the elements.
In fact,
many citizens of today have abandoned their homes altogether and taken
to a nomadic lifestyle, for this and other reasons. Often, a "home"
of today is little more than a small booth or alcove in the street,
where a person can temporarily recharge and recuperate, or utilise the
greater powers of the net. Even a person's body is often temporary,
as they shift between various real world and digital environments. Much
of the Earth is now being transformed into a gigantic computer grid
where individuals can physically "plug" themselves in.
Not everyone
has opted to make this transition. Even now, there are segments of society
which are adamant in maintaining a natural, minimally upgraded human
body. These people are now a definite minority, however, given the practical
immortality and other benefits offered by transhumanism.
The
first lakes and seas are beginning to form on Mars.
In the
lowest altitude regions, a variety of plant life has been introduced.
The air pressure and temperature is even high enough for certain arthropods
and insects to survive.
Open air
exploration for humans is still limited to those with cyborg bodies,
however.
By
the middle of this millenium, the Red Planet has turned from a cold,
dead world into a lush, Eden-like paradise. This monumental achievement
has been the result of human collaboration on a planet-wide scale. It
has created whole new industries, countless millions of jobs and undreamed
of technologies.
The project
was initiated in the early 22nd century. From the outset, it faced major
hurdles. Aside from the sheer scale of geo-engineering an entire world,
there were political, social and cultural issues too. Many of the early
settlers on Mars actually wished for it to remain in its raw, primeval
state. Some of them had an almost spiritual connection to the planet.
Like certain environments on Earth, they believed it held an intrinsic
worth and unique value that should never be replaced. To better it with
manmade artificial processes would somehow make it less natural, less
real.
These "Reds",
as they came to be known, were a potent force during the early Martian
government.* They were a thorn
in the side of planning authorities, who faced not only protests and
demonstrations, but direct sabotaging of industrial activity from some
of the more extreme individuals.
On the
opposing side of this debate were the "Greens", initially
consisting of mostly corporate interests.* They included a greater proportion of cyborgs and transhumans, who became
adapted to the environment of Mars at an earlier stage and were thus
able to survive in the lower air pressures.
Over time,
the power and influence of the Greens began to dominate. Improved security
measures were introduced, guarding much of the infrastructure and terraforming
equipment from attack.
Giant solar
mirrors were placed in orbit. Measuring tens of kilometres across, these
reflected and focussed the Sun's rays onto the poles.
Other projects
included the seeding of artificial extremophile bacteria. These began
converting CO2 into oxygen. Vast swarms of nanobots were
later introduced, accelerating this process and offering a greater degree
of control, since they were fully programmable. They also helped to
produce nitrogen, as well as regulating the overall composition of the
atmosphere.
A series
of enormous "heat factories" were constructed. These belched
out huge amounts of CO2 - which was converted by the bacteria
and nanobots - but also had the effect of raising air pressure.
To increase
the volume of water on Mars, comets and ice-rich asteroids were manoeuvred
into orbit. These were made to slowly burn up as they descended, without
impacting on the ground and causing damage.
This still
left the problem of Mars' lack of a magnetosphere, which exposed the
surface to harsh ultraviolet radiation. Giant superconducting rings
were placed around the latitude lines - focussed mainly on the equator
- and buried deep below ground. These were thousands of miles in length
and took many decades to construct, but were sufficient to create an
artificial magnetic field.
By the
23rd century, frozen lakes and ponds were beginning to form in some
regions. This was followed by successful growing of the first lichen
and mosses, genetically adapted to withstand a harsher environment.
Entire seas and oceans began to appear in the 24th century, along with
the first trees and other flora, plus certain arthropods and insects.
A series
of chain reactions and positive feedback loops began to accelerate the
process, fueled by even greater technological advancements. By the 2400s,
a panoply of animals were being introduced including fish, birds, reptiles
and mammals. Eventually, it was declared safe for unaided, fully biological
humans to walk on the surface of Mars. Humanity had created a second
Earth.
Flash animation by Will Fox, using images produced by Daein
Ballard.
2600
AD
Plastics
and other waste products are disappearing from Earth's biosphere
Most
of the plastics, tin cans and other waste products from the 20th-21st
centuries have decomposed by now. They caused significant harm to the
environment during their time on Earth - injuring countless birds, fish
and other animals.* Subsequent
generations of these materials were produced in ways that minimised
their impact.*
By
now, Venus has been transformed into a habitable, Earthlike world. The
planet's entire orbit was shifted, bringing it closer to the "Goldilocks
Zone", while its day-night cycle was accelerated from 117 days
to 24 hours.
Comets
were redirected from the Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt. These were guided
through the solar system and into the upper atmosphere of Venus, releasing
vast quantities of water.
Other techniques
involved the capture and removal of CO2, achieved by the
seeding of nanobots, which absorbed this and other toxic gases and replaced
them with breathable oxygen.
With lush
tropical oceans, Venus now has two large, dominant landmasses - Aphrodite
and Ishtar - along with a number of smaller subcontinents and islands.
The average surface temperature has stabilised at around 25°C.
2880
AD
The
asteroid 1950 DA is passing very close to the Earth, possibly
on a collision course
This
kilometre-sized asteroid was first discovered in 1950. It was observed
for 17 days, then lost until 2000 due to uncertainties in the orbit.
In 2001, new radar and optical measurements confirmed a mean diameter
of 1.1 km with a very fast rotation period (2 hours), an orbital velocity
of 21.3 km/s and a dense composition of nickel-iron.
It was
also found to have a potentially very close approach to the Earth, on
16th March 2880. Scientists estimated a 1 in 300 chance that the asteroid
would strike the planet on this date - the highest probability of any
known asteroid at the time. Were such an impact to occur, it would be
catastrophic to civilization, given the size and velocity of 1950 DA.
If landing in the ocean, coastlines would be hit by 200 ft tsunamis,
running inland over 4 km. There would be major effects on the climate
and biosphere.
However,
technology is so advanced by 2880 that the asteroid can easily be moved
to a safe orbit, if required.
Purely
biological humans are typically 7ft tall now, with lifespans of 120+*
For
centuries now, the technological singularity has produced enormous wealth
and prosperity throughout the solar system. Across-the-board improvements
in healthcare, education and living standards have led to humans evolving
into a race of giants - 7ft tall, muscular and highly athletic, with
lifespans of 120+. Note that this lifespan refers to purely biological
(non-cyborg) humans, who comprise a small minority by now. The vast
majority of citizens have opted for genetic engineering and biotechnology
upgrades which offer practical immortality.
3100
AD
Humanity
is becoming a Type 2 civilisation on the Kardashev scale
The
exponential growth of AI is allowing the manipulation of matter on scales
barely dreamed of before. The largest structure now being built in space
is a "Dyson Sphere".* This hollow
shell is of such gargantuan proportions that its radius stretches from
the Sun to beyond the orbit of Jupiter.
Under the
direction of a Godlike superintelligence, vast swarms of automated,
self-replicating ships are building it - using material from the asteroid
field, Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud.
The sphere's
primary purpose is to harvest literally all of the energy output from
the Sun: some 386 yottajoules (YJ) per second.* However, it also serves the function of shielding our inner solar system
from gamma rays and other incoming hazards. Even the potential possibility
of alien invasion has been taken into consideration during the sphere's
design.
The interior
walls have a gravitational field of 1G and are made from wholly new
states of matter that were unknown to science in previous centuries.
These can withstand the colossal tensile forces required to maintain
structural integrity. This curved, impossibly large surface - equivalent
to billions of Earths - is becoming a habitat for many sentient lifeforms,
with portions being terraformed and given a stable atmosphere, oceans
and landmass. A sizeable percentage of citizens are now migrating to
these strange artificial worlds. This includes a diverse mix of biological
humans, as well as transhumans, synthetics, clones, androids, sentient
animals and other communities.
A series
of additional Dyson Spheres are being constructed around neighbouring
star systems - some even larger.
Having
begun its journey to the stars in the 22nd century, humanity is reaching
a landmark in its colonisation of space. A region nearly 1,000 light
years in radius has now been explored (or about 2 percent of the total
length of our galaxy). The light speed barrier has yet to be exceeded,
however.
3500
AD
Polar
reversal of the Earth
Polar
reversals have occurred many times before in Earth's history - typically
every 300,000 years. The last time was around 780,000 BC. This means
the planet is long overdue for such an event.
From 1900
onwards, the intensity of Earth's magnetic field was known to be declining
by six percent each century. By 3500, the poles are beginning to completely
reverse.*
Charged
particles from the Sun affect satellites and other near-Earth vessels
which lack adequate protection. However, plants and animals on Earth
are unaffected. During the reversal, the solar wind induces a sufficient
magnetic field in the ionosphere, temporarily shielding the surface
in the absence of the normal magnetic field.*
The
first particle accelerators built by man were small, terrestrial-based
devices. In the 20th and 21st centuries, they were only a few dozen
kilometres in circumference, resulting in energies of a few tera-electronvolts
(TeV).
By the
middle of the 4th millenium, however, an accelerator covering the
entire perimeter of our solar system has been constructed.
This becomes
the largest scientific experiment in history - powerful enough to accelerate
particles to a state known as the Grand Unification Energy. This allows
the very earliest conditions of the observable Universe to be simulated.
The electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear forces (three of the four
fundamental forces in the Universe) can be observed for the first time
at precisely the same strength: becoming effectively different aspects
of a single force. Quarks and electrons, too, can be seen as essentially
the same, achieving another unification.*
4000
AD
Computer
science is reaching its ultimate potential
The
biological and technological descendants of humanity are attaining the
perfection of computer science.* Hardware and software are becoming the absolute fastest, most efficient
they can ever possibly be, within the known laws of physics. All of the knowledge to do so has now been largely achieved.
From this
point onwards, computer science becomes obsolete as a field of study
- the only "unknowns" left for researchers to discover will
be in other areas of science.*
11A
Brief History of Time, by Stephen Hawking (p.82)
Accessed 9th Dec 2008.
12While some computer industry observers might assume that computer
science has already reached its pinnacle, Tennenhouse said he calculated
that only 2 percent of the potential of computer science has been realized
to date.
"At
the current rate of progress it will take another 2000 years to figure
out the rest."