Biology & Medicine News and Discussions

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Fighting a Bacterial Infection? Put a 'Jumbo Virus' In the Ring
Huge, bacteria-eating viruses could be a game-changer for antibiotics that currently struggle to fend off deadly infections.
By Adrianna Nine February 7, 2025
https://www.extremetech.com/science/fig ... n-the-ring
Scientists are looking toward a class of large viruses called jumbo phages as they develop new and more capable antibiotics. Thanks to their bacteria-heavy "diet," these viruses could be the key to creating antibiotics that knock out deadly infections with a single punch. But first, scientists will need to teach the viruses a secret handshake.

Viruses don't technically eat, but they do consume. Depending on what kind of virus it is, a virion will hijack a specific type of host cell and then steal that cell's energy to feed its own replication process. Many viruses target tissue cells (like the ones that comprise your lung lining or your lymph nodes), but others hunger exclusively for bacteria. These viruses are called bacteriophages.

Researchers have been experimenting with bacteriophages as infection-fighting weapons for nearly a century—before even conventional antibiotics hit their peak. But the average bacteriophage is susceptible to the body's bacterial defenses. To stave off the immune system, scientists must call in the big guns: jumbo phages, or extra-large bacteriophages.
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Discovery of new mechanism in male sex hormone may lead to safer muscle-strengthening drugs
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-02- ... rmone.html
by Anne Grimm, Leipzig University
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism that is used by a male sex hormone essential for muscle and bone function. The findings could lead to the development of new drugs with fewer side effects, for use in applications such as strengthening the muscles of immobile patients. The researchers have published their findings in the journal Cell.

Androgens are hormones that control the development of male sexual characteristics. The most powerful of the androgens is called 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT). Among other things, it is essential for bone and muscle function and for the development of secondary male sexual characteristics during puberty. As a driver of bone and muscle formation, 5α-DHT increases bone mineral density and promotes skeletal muscle growth to increase muscle strength.

In this international study, the scientists were able to show that one of the adhesion G protein- coupled receptors—GPR133—is activated by the androgenic steroid hormone 5α-DHT.
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RFK Jr. Confirmed as Health Secretary Despite Bipartisan Concerns and Kennedy Family's Warnings
by Ingrid Vasquez
February 13, 2025

Introduction:
(People) Robert F. Kennedy Jr. was confirmed as the next secretary of health and human services in a 52-48 vote on Thursday, Feb. 13, with only Mitch McConnell breaking from the Republican Party to oppose his nomination.

In order to secure the role, Kennedy, 71, only needed support from half of the 100 United States senators — but even though the Senate is controlled by Republicans in a 53-47 split, his approval appeared far from certain in the weeks leading up to the vote.

Once it became clear that Kennedy had swayed enough people into his corner to be confirmed — namely moderate GOP Sens. Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski — Democratic Senate leader Chuck Schumer expressed his frustration with doubtful Republicans for lining up behind Kennedy, calling him "one of the least qualified people" whom President Donald Trump could have picked to lead the Department of Health and Human Services.

"A few weeks ago, it seemed like maybe Senate Republicans would have drawn the line on nominees like Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and [director of national intelligence pick] Tulsi Gabbard," he said on the Senate floor. "But the past few days have been a stunning capitulation by Senate Republicans. At this point they’re just rubber-stamping people, no matter how fringe they are."

Schumer continued: "If the Senate had a secret ballot, I bet you that Robert F. Kennedy Jr. would never have come close to confirmation. His unfitness for the job is simply too obvious and too glaring."
Read more here: https://people.com/author/ingrid-vasquez/
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New drug delivery method promises long-lasting glaucoma relief
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-02- ... elief.html
by Safa Jinje, University of Toronto
Researchers at the University of Toronto see a future where a single injection under the eyelid could replace months of daily eye drops to treat glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness.

A team led by Molly Shoichet, a professor in the department of chemical engineering and applied chemistry and the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, used colloidal drug aggregates (CDAs) to modify the effects of a small-molecule glaucoma drug.

This new approach, described in a paper in the journal Advanced Materials, prolongs the drug's effect from six hours when it is delivered via an eye drop to up to seven weeks with a single, non-invasive injection under the eyelid.
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Living at high altitudes may alter how the brain processes emotions

https://www.psypost.org/living-at-high- ... -emotions/

They should repeat the study with those native to these regions and compare.
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Bobby Brain Worm guts health agencies even as measles cases surge in Texas
Recently confirmed Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is reportedly laying off nearly half of the public health workforce, which handles responding to emergencies like the measles outbreak unfolding in Texas.

Employees at the Epidemic Intelligence Service, a vaunted training program run by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, are among the nearly 1,300 health workers being terminated. The EIS focuses on investigating disease outbreaks both domestically and internationally.

“This will destroy the EIS, which is one of the absolute crown jewels of global public health,” Michael Osterholm, director of the University of Minnesota’s Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, told State news.

Along with firings at the National Institutes of Health, Politico estimates that RFK Jr., DOGE Chair Elon Musk, and President Donald Trump have targeted at least 3,600 federal health workers in a downsizing effort of administrative infrastructure. Most of these initial HHS firings are of workers with the CDC and NIH.
https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2025/2 ... e-in-Texas
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More on that by Stat News:

https://archive.ph/hN7Ii
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Migraine is more than a headache — a radical rethink offers hope to one billion people

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00456-x
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Trump administration fires workers at NIH's Alzheimer's research center, including incoming director

Source: ABC News
As President Donald Trump directs cuts of tens of thousands of federal government employees, among those laid off at America's health agencies are workers at a National Institutes of Health department focused on dementia research, including its incoming leader, three people familiar with the terminations told ABC News.

The firings at the Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD) affected roughly a tenth of the nearly 100 employees at the center, but in interviews with ABC News, workers there described a carefully woven web of collaboration that they say could be threatened by the layoffs of just a handful of employees, warning that it could jeopardize progress in answering key questions about dementia.

Most shocking to CARD workers was the termination of lead researcher Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen, who was announced internally as the organization's next acting director and was expected to bring significant advancements to the research field.

[snip]

Neurologists say the downsizing at CARD could be a blow to the scientific quest for new Alzheimer's treatments. NIH scientists at CARD work with external scientists to turn early scientific discoveries into treatments and medicines.
Read more: https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-a ... =119053406
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Bird Flu Looms as Trump’s Mass Firings Unleash Chaos at Public Health Agencies

https://truthout.org/articles/bird-flu- ... -agencies/
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They Worked to Prevent Death. The Trump Administration Fired Them.
by Annie Waldman and Duaa Eldeib
February 22 , 2025

Introduction:
(ProPublica) Every day, they tackled complex issues with life-or-death stakes:

A failure to get donor organs to critically ill patients.

Tobacco products designed to appeal to kids.

Maternal and infant death.

They were hired after lawmakers and bureaucrats debated and negotiated and persuaded their colleagues — sometimes over the course of years — to make those problems someone’s job to solve.

Then, this month, they were fired as part of President Donald Trump’s widespread purge of federal workers. Suddenly, the future of their public health missions was in question.
Read more here: https://www.propublica.org/article/tru ... alth-hhs
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Antioxidants in fruits and flowers seem to counteract harmful effects of microplastics, study shows

Mon 24 Feb 2025 12.00 GMT

Antioxidants that give fruits and flowers their vibrant colors seem to counteract some of the most dangerous reproductive system effects of exposure to microplastics, such as decreased fertility, and could ultimately be used in developing treatments, new peer-reviewed research shows.

The paper focused on microplastics’ reproductive toxicity and plant compounds called anthocyanins, which are widely found in nuts, fruits and vegetables. The new review of scientific literature on anthocyanins found that the compounds are probably protective against a range of plastic-induced impacts on hormones, reductions in testosterone and estrogen, decreased sperm counts, lower sperm quality, erectile dysfunction and ovarian damage.

“The search for natural compounds to counteract these harmful effects is ongoing, with anthocyanins emerging as a promising candidate,” wrote the study’s authors, who are with the Finland-China Food and Health Network.

“[Anthocyanins] have demonstrated potential protective effects against reproductive toxicity induced by microplastics.”

https://www.theguardian.com/environment ... roplastics
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FDA cancels meeting to update next season's flu vaccines
The Food and Drug Administration unexpectedly canceled an annual meeting of its advisers to update next season's influenza vaccines, an adviser on the panel and multiple officials confirm to CBS News, potentially upending the process to start manufacturing next winter's flu shots.

"We're all left trying to understand what is going on. Why was this meeting canceled? It's an important meeting. What's the plan for flu vaccines this year," Dr. Paul Offit, a member of the FDA advisory committee and director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, told CBS News.

Offit said he received the notification that the meeting was canceled shortly after 4 p.m. The FDA's Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee was supposed to meet on March 13 to discuss how to update the shots for the next flu season, Offit said.

One former and one current federal health official also confirmed that the committee's upcoming meeting had been canceled without explanation.
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fda-cancel ... e-meeting/
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Scientists have discovered a new health benefit from the world's most consumed drink

https://www.euronews.com/health/2025/02 ... umed-drink
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RFK Jr. Moves to Eliminate Public Comment on HHS Decisions
by Isabello Cueto
February 28, 2025

Introduction:
(Stat) Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. posted a document Friday proposing to strip public participation from much of the business his department conducts. The move comes during a time of major upheaval across federal health agencies, and as the public waits to see how Kennedy will enact his pledge of “radical transparency” at the department.

The statement, placed in the Federal Register, said HHS would rescind its longtime practice of giving members of the public a chance to comment on the agency’s plans.

“This is a direct attack on the idea that HHS — a gigantic agency — should have to tell the public everything that it’s doing,” said Alex Howard, an open government advocate and former director of the Digital Democracy Project at Demand Progress Educational Fund.

Normally, before issuing a new rule or regulation, the public is given an opportunity to submit written comments in support or in opposition to government proposals. This has been the case for years under the Administrative Procedure Act.

However, Kennedy and HHS are arguing they don’t need to seek public input when the agency is making decisions about “agency management or personnel,” or related to public property, loans and grants, benefits, or contracts. HHS can also choose to cut out public participation when it deems the process “impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest,” per the law.

Read more here: https://www.statnews.com/2025/02/28/rf ... -waiver/

caltrek’s comment: The better to operate under a cloak of ignorance and denial.
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Top HHS Spokesperson Quits After Clashing with RFK Jr.
by Adam Cancryn
March 3, 2025

Introduction:
(Politico) The top spokesperson at the Health and Human Services Department has abruptly quit after clashing with Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and his close aides over their management of the agency amid a growing measles outbreak, two people familiar with the matter told POLITICO.

Thomas Corry announced on Monday that he had resigned “effective immediately,” just two weeks after joining the department as its assistant secretary for public affairs.

“I want to announce to my friends and colleagues that last Friday I announced my resignation effective immediately,” he wrote in a post to his LinkedIn page. “To my colleagues at HHS, I wish you the best and great success.”

The sudden departure was prompted by growing disagreement with Kennedy and his principal deputy chief of staff, Stefanie Spear, over their management of the health department, said the two people, who were granted anonymity to speak candidly.

Corry had also grown uneasy with Kennedy’s muted response to the intensifying outbreak of measles in Texas, the people said. The outbreak has infected at least 146 people and resulted in the nation’s first death from the disease in a decade.
Read more here: https://www.politico.com/news/2025/03/ ... 00207000
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National Cancer Institute Employees Can’t Publish Information on These Topics Without Special Approval

https://www.propublica.org/article/nati ... ism-rfk-jr
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