Diabetes news, discovery and discussion thread

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weatheriscool
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Researchers boost accuracy of home-based continuous glucose monitoring
https://phys.org/news/2022-12-boost-acc ... ucose.html
by Tsinghua University Press

Home-based continuous glucose monitoring for diabetics up to now has had to trade ease of use, low cost, and portability for a somewhat lower sensitivity—and thus accuracy—compared to similar systems in clinics or hospitals. A team of researchers has now developed a biosensor for such monitors that involves "zero-dimensional" quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanospheres (AuNSs), and no longer has to compromise on accuracy.

A paper describing the biosensor design and its enhanced performance appeared in the journal Nano Research on Nov. 9, 2022.
weatheriscool
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Another step toward an insulin tablet
https://phys.org/news/2023-01-insulin-tablet.html
by American Chemical Society

For the millions of people living with diabetes, insulin is a life-saving drug. Unlike many other medicines, though, insulin cannot be easily delivered by swallowing a pill—it needs to be injected under the skin with a syringe or pump. Researchers have been making steps toward an insulin pill, and now, a team reports in ACS Nano that they've delivered insulin to the colons of rats using an orally administered tablet powered by chemical "micromotors."

Patients with diabetes have trouble regulating their blood glucose levels because they produce little or no insulin. Synthetic insulin has existed for over a hundred years, but it is often administered with an injection or an implanted pump. People affected by diabetes often take insulin multiple times per day, so frequent injections can be painful, and as a result, some patients do not take the recommended dose at the correct times.
weatheriscool
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Scientists regenerate kidneys to reverse diabetes damage in mice
By Michael Irving
February 12, 2023
https://newatlas.com/medical/regenerate ... es-damage/
An international team of scientists has found a way to regenerate kidneys damaged by disease, restoring function and preventing kidney failure. The discovery could drastically improve treatments for complications stemming from diabetes and other diseases.

Diabetes causes many problems in the body, but one of the most prevalent is kidney disease. Extended periods of elevated blood sugar can damage nephrons, the tiny filtering units in the kidneys, which can lead to kidney dysfunction and eventually failure.

For the new study, researchers in Singapore and Germany investigated a potential culprit – a protein known as interleukin-11 (IL-11), which has been implicated in causing scarring to other organs in response to damage.

On closer inspection in tests in mice, the team found that as kidneys sustain damage, the cells lining their tiny inner tubes release IL-11, which slows cell growth and sets off a molecular cascade of inflammation and scarring. But when IL-11 is blocked, using either mice genetically engineered to lack it or giving mice an antibody that blocks it, this process is prevented, and healthy cells can regenerate to reverse existing damage.
weatheriscool
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Apple reportedly made a big breakthrough on a secret non-invasive blood glucose monitor project that originally was part of a 'fake' startup
Lakshmi Varanasi
Feb 22, 2023, 2:41 PM
https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-r ... tor-2023-2
Apple had a breakthrough on a revolutionary blood glucose monitor, according to Bloomberg.
The project began under Steve Jobs, and has been underway for more than a decade.
The project is now part of Apple's XDG, but operated for some time under a startup called Avolonte.

Apple reportedly had a breakthrough on a secret project that could launch the company into a major force in the healthcare industry, Bloomberg reported Wednesday.

It's a monitor that can continually measure a person's blood glucose levels without as much as a skin prick, according to Bloomberg. Instead, Apple's monitor will use optical absorption spectroscopy, a measurement process that relies on wavelengths of light to ultimately determine glucose levels, Bloomberg said.

The secret endeavor — called E5 — has been under wraps for the past several years, according to Bloomberg.
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raklian
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Drugmaker Eli Lilly caps the cost of insulin at $35 a month, bringing relief for millions

The move puts the drugmaker in line with a popular provision in the Inflation Reduction Act that capped the medication’s cost for seniors on Medicare.

Eli Lilly will cap the out-of-pocket cost of its insulin at $35 a month, the drugmaker said Wednesday. The move, experts say, could prompt other insulin makers in the U.S. to follow suit.

The change, which Eli Lilly said takes effect immediately, puts the drugmaker in line with a provision in the Inflation Reduction Act, which last month imposed a $35 monthly cap on the out-of-pocket cost of insulin for seniors enrolled in Medicare.
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/rcna72713


This is great news! This is definitely going to boost President Biden's political fortunes.
To know is essentially the same as not knowing. The only thing that occurs is the rearrangement of atoms in your brain.
weatheriscool
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Prototype taps into the sensing capabilities of any smartphone to screen for prediabetes
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-03- ... betes.html
by Kristin Osborne, University of Washington
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, one out of every three adults in the United States has prediabetes, a condition marked by elevated blood sugar levels that could lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. The good news is that if it is detected early, prediabetes can be reversed through lifestyle changes such as improved diet and exercise. The bad news? Eight out of 10 Americans with prediabetes don't know that they have it, putting them at increased risk of developing diabetes as well as disease complications that include heart disease, kidney failure and vision loss.

Current screening methods typically involve a visit to a health care facility for laboratory testing and/or the use of a portable glucometer for at-home testing, meaning access and cost may be barriers to more widespread screening. But researchers at the University of Washington may have found the sweet spot when it comes to increasing early detection of prediabetes. The team has developed GlucoScreen, a new system that leverages the capacitive touch sensing capabilities of any smartphone to measure blood glucose levels without the need for a separate reader.

The researchers describe GlucoScreen in a new paper published March 28 in the Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies.

The researchers' results suggest GlucoScreen's accuracy is comparable to that of standard glucometer testing. The team found the system to be accurate at the crucial threshold between a normal blood glucose level, at or below 99 mg/dL, and prediabetes, defined as a blood glucose level between 100 and 125 mg/dL. This approach could make glucose testing less costly and more accessible—particularly for one-time screening of a large population.
weatheriscool
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Glucose-responsive, charge-switchable lipid nanoparticles for insulin delivery
https://phys.org/news/2023-04-glucose-r ... sulin.html
by Wiley
Patients with type 1 diabetes live with a constant risk of hyper- or hypoglycemia. Precisely controlled insulin release could help to improve regulation of their blood sugar levels. Reported in the journal Angewandte Chemie, a research team has now introduced a novel insulin formulation that can be switched on by glucose: Lipid nanoparticle carriers release more or less insulin depending on the blood sugar level.

Insulin levels in plasma are primarily regulated by β-cells in the pancreas and reflect fluctuations in the blood sugar level. Patients with type 1 diabetes can produce very little or no insulin and require several daily injections of a fast-acting insulin as well as one or two injections of a long-acting insulin to keep their blood sugar at a normal level.

Alternatively, they wear an insulin pump that provides continuous infusion. The insulin formulations cannot react to changes in the blood sugar level and thus do not allow for the precise regulation of blood sugar. If an insulin overdose is administered, a meal is missed, or too little carbohydrate consumed before strenuous physical activity, there is increased risk of acute, life-threatening hypoglycemia.

Insulin formulations that respond to glucose, mimicking the function of β-cells, could improve insulin therapy. Various approaches with insulin "carriers" made of polymers with incorporated glucose oxidase as a glucose detector suffer from two problems: The polymer carriers are not of uniform molecular weight and glucose oxidase is toxic if released into the body.
Nanotechandmorefuture
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weatheriscool wrote: Fri Apr 14, 2023 6:16 pm Glucose-responsive, charge-switchable lipid nanoparticles for insulin delivery
https://phys.org/news/2023-04-glucose-r ... sulin.html
by Wiley
There's that COVID vaccine formula in everything else as expected. Well that is presuming it hasn't been in vaccines for years since some are funky themselves when you get them in their effects.
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caltrek
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Re: Diabetes news, discovery and discussion thread

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Study Links Poor Diet to 14 Million Cases of Type 2 Diabetes Globally
April 17 , 2023

Introduction:
(Eurekalert) A research model of dietary intake in 184 countries, developed by researchers at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, estimates that poor diet contributed to over 14.1 million cases of type 2 diabetes in 2018, representing over 70% of new diagnoses globally. The analysis, which looked at data from 1990 and 2018, provides valuable insight into which dietary factors are driving type 2 diabetes burden by world region. The study was published April 17 in the journal Nature Medicine.

Of the 11 dietary factors considered, three had an outsized contribution to the rising global incidence of type 2 diabetes: Insufficient intake of whole grains, excesses of refined rice and wheat, and the overconsumption of processed meat. Factors such as drinking too much fruit juice and not eating enough non-starchy vegetables, nuts, or seeds, had less of an impact on new cases of the disease.

“Our study suggests poor carbohydrate quality is a leading driver of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes globally, and with important variation by nation and over time,” says senior author Dariush Mozaffarian, Jean Mayer Professor of Nutrition and dean for policy at the Friedman School. “These new findings reveal critical areas for national and global focus to improve nutrition and reduce devastating burdens of diabetes.”

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by the resistance of the body’s cells to insulin. Of the 184 countries included in the Nature Medicine study, all saw an increase in type 2 diabetes cases between 1990 and 2018, representing a growing burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems.

The research team based their model on information from the Global Dietary Database, along with population demographics from multiple sources, global type 2 diabetes incidence estimates, and data on how food choices impact people living with obesity and type 2 diabetes from multiple published papers.

Read more here: https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/986055
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weatheriscool
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Self-adjusting insulin proves promising for type 1 diabetics
By Paul McClure
https://newatlas.com/medical/self-adjus ... diabetics/
April 18, 2023
Type 1 diabetics must constantly control their blood glucose with insulin. It’s a Goldilocks-type situation: administer too much insulin, and they risk low blood glucose (hypoglycemia), while too little can lead to high blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Researchers have developed a self-adjusting nanoparticle-based insulin formulation that may go some way towards improving blood glucose control.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas so that little or no insulin is produced. The exact cause of T1D is unknown but is thought to be due to genetics and some viruses.

Treatment of T1D requires taking fast-acting insulin, either by intermittent, manual injections or continuously via an insulin pump, and regularly monitoring blood glucose levels to avoid hypo- and hyperglycemia, both of which can have life-threatening consequences. Long-acting insulin might also be used to provide a slow, steady release of insulin.
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