Geology, Earthquakes & Volcanism News and Discussions

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caltrek
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No Tsunami Threat to Hawaii Following 6.4-magnitude Earthquake Near Solomon Islands
October 15, 2021

https://news.yahoo.com/no-tsunami-threa ... 00233.html

Entire Article:
(Honolulu Star Adviser via Yahoo) Oct. 15—There is no tsunami threat to Hawaii following a 6.4-magnitude earthquake near the Solomon Islands this afternoon.

The earthquake occurred at 4 :45 p.m. Hawaii time.
Also reported in this earthquake tracking site: https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/earthq ... lands.html
Last edited by caltrek on Sun Nov 07, 2021 7:04 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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caltrek
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More Water In Magma Actuality Prevents Volcanic Blast
by Eth Zurich
October 18, 2021

https://www.futurity.org/water-magma-vo ... 2643632-2/

Introduction:
(Futurity) New research suggests high water content in magma can significantly reduce the risk that a volcano will explode.

Two questions have long troubled volcanologists: When exactly will a volcano erupt next? And how will that eruption unfold? Will the lava flow down the mountain as a viscous paste, or will the volcano explosively drive a cloud of ash kilometers up into the atmosphere?

The first question of “when” can now be answered relatively precisely, explains Olivier Bachmann, professor of magmatic petrology at ETH Zurich. He points to monitoring data from the Canary Island of La Palma, where the Cumbre Vieja volcano recently emitted a lava flow that poured down to the sea. Using seismic data, the experts were able to track the rise of the lava in real time and predict the eruption to within a few days.

WATER IN MAGMA

The “how,” on the other hand, is still a major headache for volcanologists. Volcanoes on islands such as La Palma or Hawaii are known to be unlikely to produce huge explosions. But this question is much more difficult to answer for the large volcanoes located along subduction zones, such as those found in the Andes, on the US West Coast, in Japan, Indonesia, or in Italy and Greece. This is because all these volcanoes can erupt in many different ways, with no way to predict which will occur.
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Do Monogenetic Volcanoes Threaten the Southwestern United States?
by Charlotte Hsu
November 4, 2021

https://www.futurity.org/monogenetic-volcano-2652672-2/

Introduction:
(Futurity) New research clarifies monogenetic volcanoes, a type of volcanic hazard that can pose important dangers despite its short lifespan.

These volcanoes erupt for a period that might last for days, years, or decades. Then, they go dark and die. (Monogenetic means “one life”).

The landscape of the southwestern United States is heavily scarred by past eruptions of such volcanoes, and a new study marks a step toward understanding future risks for the region.

The research, which appears in the journal Geosphere, provides a broad overview of what we know—and don’t know—about this type of volcanism in the US Southwest over the past 2.58 million years, a geologic period known as the Quaternary.

During this time, more than 1,800 monogenetic volcanoes erupted in the region, according to a count covering Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and parts of California’s eastern edge. Add in the Pinacate volcanic field, located mostly in the Mexican state of Sonora, bordering Arizona, and the number goes up to over 2,200, scientists say. (The volcanoes included are ones whose ages are estimated to be in the range of the Quaternary, but many have not been precisely dated.)
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Thousands Flee as Indonesia's Mount Semeru Volcano Erupts
by Masrur Jamaluddin and Radina Gigova
December 4, 2021

https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/04/asia/ind ... index.html

Introduction:
Jakarta, Indonesia (CNN) Mount Semeru, a volcano on Indonesia's East Java Province, erupted on Saturday, spewing a column of smoke and ash while displacing thousands from the area, authorities said.

The eruption has killed at least one person and wounded 41 others, Indah Masdar, deputy head of Lumajang District, said in a press conference held in Jakarta.

Budi Santosa, Head of Disaster Management of East Java Province, said earlier on Saturday that two sub districts had been "badly affected" by the volcano's eruption.

Volcanic ash, the smell of sulfur was reported around 3 p.m. local time (3 a.m ET), the Mount Semeru Volcano Observation Post reported. It added that hot ash clouds were falling towards an East Java village, Sapitarang, in Pronojiwo District.
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Earth’s Interior is Cooling Faster than Expected
January 14, 2022

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/940180

Introduction:
(ETH Zurich via Eureka Alert) The evolution of our Earth is the story of its cooling: 4.5 billion years ago, extreme temperatures prevailed on the surface of the young Earth, and it was covered by a deep ocean of magma. Over millions of years, the planet’s surface cooled to form a brittle crust. However, the enormous thermal energy emanating from the Earth’s interior set dynamic processes in motion, such as mantle convection, plate tectonics and volcanism.

Still unanswered, though, are the questions of how fast the Earth cooled and how long it might take for this ongoing cooling to bring the aforementioned heat-driven processes to a halt.

One possible answer may lie in the thermal conductivity of the minerals that form the boundary between the Earth’s core and mantle.

This boundary layer is relevant because it is here that the viscous rock of the Earth’s mantle is in direct contact with the hot iron-nickel melt of the planet’s outer core. The temperature gradient between the two layers is very steep, so there is potentially a lot of heat flowing here. The boundary layer is formed mainly of the mineral bridgmanite. However, researchers have a hard time estimating how much heat this mineral conducts from the Earth’s core to the mantle because experimental verification is very difficult.

Now, ETH Professor Motohiko Murakami and his colleagues from Carnegie Institution for Sciencehave developed a sophisticated measuring system that enables them to measure the thermal conductivity of bridgmanite in the laboratory, under the pressure and temperature conditions that prevail inside the Earth. For the measurements, they used a recently developed optical absorption measurement system in a diamond unit heated with a pulsed laser.
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And remember my friend, future events such as these will affect you in the future
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Nah, that's just Goku landing a fist on Freeza's face. Nothing to see here. 8-)

On a serious note, that amount of ash being spewed high into the atmosphere makes it likely we will experience temporary climate cooling at certain parts of the world in the short term.
To know is essentially the same as not knowing. The only thing that occurs is the rearrangement of atoms in your brain.
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:shock:

To know is essentially the same as not knowing. The only thing that occurs is the rearrangement of atoms in your brain.
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