Not everyone during the 1990s thought the triumphalism would persist. Research "the Unipolar Moment."Certain Russian user wrote: ↑Fri Jun 17, 2022 9:46 amThe "spirit of 1989" will not return, regardless of anything what may still happen in Ukraine. This spirit, as well as "End of History" idea, was a product of western triumphalism at the end of Cold War (it was so tempting to think that this "perfect state" would last forever and to "cancel" any further changes). This naive concept is increasingly out of touch with our real world, and history (I mean real history) doesn't "end" by command, especially by command of philosophers...
https://thediplomat.com/2016/04/china-r ... ar-moment/
Also, Francis Fukuyama's 1992 declaration that the "End of History" had arrived was somewhat misunderstood by people.
https://www.yahoo.com/video/fukuyama-en ... 37504.html
The core of his thesis was that the liberal democratic/mixed economic politico-economic system had proven itself superior to all other systems, and that it was only a matter of time before it encompassed the whole world. That reality clearly has not yet arrived, though there's still a chance it could in the long run. However, I see three major challenges to its rise:
1) Future success of the Chinese model. Instead of democratic, it is technocratic and controlled by a highly competent oligarchy. Citizens willingly trade political freedoms like free speech and the right to vote for higher standards of living.
2) Decline of liberal democracy in the West. In America, being a "liberal" and supporting the principles of "liberal democracy" are two different things, and the gulf is widening. And of course, conservatives are also losing faith in democratic governance and are becoming more tribal.
3) AGI takeover. In such a world, it wouldn't make sense to let humans have anything more than a symbolic say over governance, the economy, or anything important, really. It would be like us giving chimps the right to vote and own real estate today.