Nanotechnology News and Discussions

weatheriscool
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Physicists invent intelligent quantum sensor of light waves
https://phys.org/news/2022-09-physicist ... ensor.html
by Amanda Siegfried, University of Texas at Dallas

University of Texas at Dallas physicists and their collaborators at Yale University have demonstrated an atomically thin, intelligent quantum sensor that can simultaneously detect all the fundamental properties of an incoming light wave.

The research, published April 13 in the journal Nature, demonstrates a new concept based on quantum geometry that could find use in health care, deep-space exploration and remote-sensing applications.

"We are excited about this work because typically, when you want to characterize a wave of light, you have to use different instruments to gather information, such as the intensity, wavelength and polarization state of the light. Those instruments are bulky and can occupy a significant area on an optical table," said Dr. Fan Zhang, a corresponding author of the study and associate professor of physics in the School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics.
Nanotechandmorefuture
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Optical Nanomotor Drives Future Innovations in Tiny Power Sources
Interview conducted by Megan Craig, M.Sc.
Sep 6 2022

https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6254
In this interview, AZoNano discusses the development of a novel solid-state optical nanomotor, which is driven by light. This nanomotor is the first of its kind, and could have significant applications for the design of power sources in a range of existing and future technologies.
weatheriscool
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A new experimental study tackles the unsolved mystery of 'nanobubbles'
https://phys.org/news/2022-09-experimen ... bbles.html
by Ingrid Fadelli , Phys.org
Nanobubbles are extremely small (i.e., nanoscopic) gaseous cavities that some physicists observed in aqueous solutions, typically after specific substances were dissolved in them. While some studies reported the observation of these incredibly tiny bubbles, some scientists have argued that they are merely solid or oily residues formed during experiments.

Researchers at Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Monterrey and Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas Unidad Monterrey in Mexico have recently carried out an experiment aimed at further investigating the nature of these elusive and mysterious objects, specifically when xenon and krypton were dissolved in water. Their study, featured in Physical Review Letters, identified the formation of what the team refers to as "nanoblobs," yet found no evidence of nanobubbles.
weatheriscool
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Physicists generate new nanoscale spin waves
https://phys.org/news/2022-09-physicists-nanoscale.html
by Tom Leonhardt, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
Strong alternating magnetic fields can be used to generate a new type of spin wave that was previously just theoretically predicted. This was achieved for the first time by a team of physicists from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU). They report on their work in Nature Communications and provide the first microscopic images of these spin waves.

The basic idea of spintronics is to use a special property of electrons—spin—for various electronic applications such as data and information technology. The spin is the intrinsic angular momentum of electrons that produces a magnetic moment. Coupling these magnetic moments creates the magnetism that could ultimately be used in information processing. When these coupled magnetic moments are locally excited by a magnetic field pulse, this dynamic can spread like waves throughout the material. These are referred to as spin waves or magnons.
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Yuli Ban
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And remember my friend, future events such as these will affect you in the future
weatheriscool
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Drawing data at the nanometer scale
https://phys.org/news/2022-09-nanometer-scale.html
by Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)
A method to draw data in an area smaller than 10 nanometers has been proposed in a recent study published in Physical Review Letters

A joint research team led by Professor Daesu Lee (Department of Physics) of POSTECH, Professor Se Young Park (Department of Physics) at Soongsil University, and Dr. Ji Hye Lee (Department of Physics and Astronomy) of Seoul National University has proposed a method for densely storing data by "poking" with a sharp probe. This method utilizes a material in the metastable state, whose properties change easily even with slight stimulation.

A thin film of metastable ferroelectric calcium titanate (CaTiO3) enables the polarization switching of a material even with a slight pressure of a probe: A very weak force of 100 nanonewtons (nN) is more than enough. The joint research team succeeded in making the width of the polarization path smaller than 10 nm by using this force and found the way to dramatically increase the capacity of data storage. This is because the smaller the size of the path, the more data the single material can store.
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World's whitest paint now thinner than ever, ideal for vehicles
https://phys.org/news/2022-10-world-whi ... icles.html
by Jared Pike, Purdue University
The world's whitest paint—seen in this year's edition of Guinness World Records and "The Late Show With Stephen Colbert"—keeps surfaces so cool that it could reduce the need for air conditioning. Now the Purdue University researchers who created the paint have developed a new formulation that is thinner and lighter—ideal for radiating heat away from cars, trains and airplanes.

"I've been contacted by everyone from spacecraft manufacturers to architects to companies that make clothes and shoes," said Xiulin Ruan, a Purdue professor of mechanical engineering and developer of the paint. "They mostly had two questions: Where can I buy it, and can you make it thinner?"

The original world's whitest paint used nanoparticles of barium sulfate to reflect 98.1% of sunlight, cooling outdoor surfaces more than 4.5°C below ambient temperature. Cover your roof in that paint, and you could essentially cool your home with much less air conditioning. But there's a problem.
weatheriscool
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Researchers study exciton dynamics at unprecedented resolution
https://phys.org/news/2022-10-exciton-d ... ution.html
by University of Tsukuba

Future optical communication that's vastly more reliable and faster than what's commonly available today will require new technology. Modern communication is based on charge transfer, which can result in large transmission losses during certain data-intensive applications. Excitons are alternatives, yet they face technical challenges for widespread implementation.

Now, researchers from Japan have overcome a critical bottleneck that might give rise to ultrafast optical communication technology based on excitons. Their results are published in npj 2D Materials and Applications

Researchers are excited about using excitons—assemblies of bound electrons and holes—for terabits per second optical communication. Unfortunately, rapid exciton dissociation at room temperature in conventional three-dimensional semiconductors precludes immediate practical applications. However, atomically thin layered two-dimensional materials (transition metal dichalcogenides, TMDCs) impart certain advantages.

For example, in TMDCs, excitons can be stable at room temperature and can travel long distances. Local, ultrasmall-scale defects are inevitable in TMDCs—yet might even be advantageous if researchers can understand the role of such defects on the dynamics of exciton transport, and thus the properties of TMDC-based devices.
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Scientists use surfactant to help make 'inert' templates for nanotube growth
https://phys.org/news/2022-10-scientist ... otube.html
by Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo Metropolitan University
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have used a surfactant to disperse insulating boron nitride nanotubes and coat them onto surfaces without bundling. The team demonstrated that heat treatment could remove the surfactant to reveal clean nanoscale templates; chemical vapor deposition could then form coaxial nanotubes on the template using a range of materials. The ability to coat nanotubes onto "inert" insulating structures gives scientists unprecedented access to the properties of new nanotube materials.

Breakthroughs in nanotechnology have made nanotubes and nanosheets easier to come by for materials scientists. But studying them in isolation is far from easy. Because they often come bundled or aggregated, it's tricky to target the exotic optical and electronic properties that come from their reduced dimensionality.

Recent work showed that nanotube materials could be grown on the surface of a carbon nanotube, providing well-separated structures that could potentially be characterized. But carbon nanotubes have conducting properties and strongly absorb light, making it difficult to tell apart the electrical and optical properties of the coated material from those of the original nanotube.

Now, a team led by Assistant Professor Yusuke Nakanishi, Assistant Professor Yohei Yomogida, and Associate Professor Yasumitsu Miyata from Tokyo Metropolitan University has used insulating boron nitride (BN) nanotubes instead as templates for growing nanotubes. This is no mean task: boron nitride nanotubes are notoriously sticky. Though they can be dispersed with a surfactant which helps keeps the tubes apart, it was not clear whether the surfactant could be removed to reveal a clean template. Now, the team has successfully found a surfactant that does not stick to the tubes; they also honed a heat treatment under vacuum which leaves clean, well-isolated insulating nanotube templates.
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Self-assembled nanoscale architectures could feature improved electronic, optical, and mechanical properties
https://phys.org/news/2022-11-self-asse ... ronic.html
by Karen McNulty Walsh, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed a new way to guide the self-assembly of a wide range of novel nanoscale structures using simple polymers as starting materials. Under the electron microscope, these nanometer-scale structures look like tiny Lego building blocks, including parapets for miniature medieval castles and Roman aqueducts. But rather than building fanciful microscopic fiefdoms, the scientists are exploring how these novel shapes might affect a material's functions.

The team from Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) describes their novel approach to control self-assembly in a paper just published in Nature Communications. A preliminary analysis shows that different shapes have dramatically different electrical conductivity. The work could help guide the design of custom surface coatings with tailored optical, electronic, and mechanical properties for use in sensors, batteries, filters, and more.

"This work opens the door to a wide range of possible applications and opportunities for scientists from academia and industry to partner with experts at CFN," said Kevin Yager, leader of the project and CFN's Electronic Nanomaterials group. "Scientists interested in studying optical coatings, or electrodes for batteries, or solar cell designs could tell us what properties they need, and we can select just the right structure from our library of exotic shaped materials to meet their needs."
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