Quantum Computing News and Discussions

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IBM announces development of 127-qubit quantum processor
https://phys.org/news/2021-11-ibm-qubit ... essor.html
by Bob Yirka , Phys.org
IBM has announced the development of a 127-qubit quantum processor, both on its IBM Quantum page and during IBM Quantum Summit 2021. As part of its announcement, IBM also announced that computers running the new processor will be made available to IBM Quantum Network members and that the company has plans for launching two other, presumably more powerful processors it has named Osprey and Condor over the next two years. The current processor has been named Eagle.

Over the past decade, several big-name technology companies have been working hard to develop a truly functional and useful quantum computer. Such efforts have fallen into two main camps—those attempting to create a quantum computer using entangled photons and those using superconducting materials. The processors announced by IBM are all based on superconducting materials.
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:o :shock: 8-)

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256-qubit quantum computer unveiled

24th November 2021

The first 256-qubit quantum computer has been announced by startup company QuEra, founded by MIT and Harvard scientists.

QuEra Computing Inc. – a new Boston, Massachusetts-based company – has emerged from stealth mode with $17 million in funding and has completed the assembly of a 256-qubit device. Its funders include Japanese e-commerce giant Rakuten, Day One Ventures, Frontiers Capital, and the leading tech investors Serguei Beloussov and Paul Maritz. The company recently received a DARPA award, and has already generated $11 million in revenue.

QuEra Computing recently achieved ground-breaking research on neutral atoms, developed at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which is being used as the basis for a highly scalable, programmable quantum computer solution. The QuEra team is aiming to build the world's most powerful quantum computers to take on computational tasks that are currently deemed impossibly hard.

Qubits are the quantum computer equivalent of the "bits" used in classical machines. Unlike the latter – which are limited to binary values – qubits can have multiple values simultaneously. This means that even a relatively small number of qubits can handle very, very, very large numbers. This has become apparent in recent years with qubit counts enabling quantum computers to exceed the capabilities of classical machines for the first time. In the future, quantum computers may be powerful enough to solve extraordinarily difficult and complex problems, accelerating the progress of science and technology.

Barely a week ago, IBM revealed a new 127-qubit processor called 'Eagle'. QuEra has more than doubled that number with its machine and already has plans for a 1,024-qubit, fully programmable device by 2024.

Read more: https://www.futuretimeline.net/blog/202 ... meline.htm


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Algorithm to increase the efficiency of quantum computers
https://phys.org/news/2021-12-algorithm ... antum.html
by University of Helsinki
Quantum computers have the potential to solve important problems that are beyond reach even for the most powerful supercomputers, but they require an entirely new way of programming and creating algorithms.

Universities and major tech companies are spearheading research on how to develop these new algorithms. In a recent collaboration between University of Helsinki, Aalto University, University of Turku, and IBM Research Europe-Zurich, a team of researchers have developed a new method to speed up calculations on quantum computers. The results are published in the journal PRX Quantum of the American Physical Society.

"Unlike classical computers, which use bits to store ones and zeros, information is stored in the qubits of a quantum processor in the form of a quantum state, or a wavefunction," says postdoctoral researcher Guillermo García-Pérez from the Department of Physics at the University of Helsinki, first author of the paper.

Special procedures are thus required to read out data from quantum computers. Quantum algorithms also require a set of inputs, provided for example as real numbers, and a list of operations to be performed on some reference initial state.

"The quantum state used is, in fact, generally impossible to reconstruct on conventional computers, so useful insights must be extracted by performing specific observations (which quantum physicists refer to as measurements)," says García-Pérez.

The problem with this is the large number of measurements required for many popular applications of quantum computers (like the so-called Variational Quantum Eigensolver, which can be used to overcome important limitations in the study of chemistry, for instance in drug discovery). The number of calculations required is known to grow very quickly with the size of the system one wants to simulate, even if only partial information is needed. This makes the process hard to scale up, slowing down the computation and consuming a lot of computational resources.
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Indian scientists devise technique for more efficient quantum computing

Published: 29th December 2021 11:34 am IST

New Delhi: Correlations between waves in atomic systems or spin coherences are long-lived at ultralow temperatures, says a new study by scientists who have developed a new technique to measure it as a system with long-lived spin coherences is a better resource as a quantum computer.

This is because it allows quantum operations and logic gates to be more efficiently implemented so that the system becomes a better quantum sensor compared to systems where coherence is short-lived, a Science and Technology Ministry release said.

This newly explored property of atomic systems at low temperature can be exploited for efficient quantum sensing and quantum information processing for application in quantum computation and secure communication, it said. “The newly discovered technique can help study the real-time dynamics of quantum phenomena such as quantum phase transitions in a non-invasive manner.”

[...]

Quantum properties dominate over everyday classical observations at this temperature — very near absolute zero temperature, and it is for the first time that spin dynamics have been detected at this temperature regime.

With the new technique, the scientists measured the properties of spins and lifetime of an atomic spin state with a million-fold improvement in detection sensitivity compared to the existing technology. They proved that spin coherence at this low temperature is long-lived.

Read more: https://www.siasat.com/indian-scientist ... g-2249602/
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$3 billion IonQ Quantum Computers Making Barium Ion Qubits
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2021/12/2 ... uters.html
December 27, 2021 by Brian Wang
IonQ went public and is currently valued at $3.4 billion and was briefly over $6 billion in market value.

IonQ plans to use barium ions as qubits in its systems, bringing about a wave of advantages it believes will enable advanced quantum computing architectures. IonQ has built its systems to date with ytterbium ions. Now, IonQ plans to use barium ions to build systems that are designed to be faster, more powerful, more easily interconnected, and that feature more uptime for customers.

The key benefits of quantum computers based on barium qubits to include:

* Lower error rates, higher gate fidelity, and better state detection. IonQ’s quantum computers already outperform industry peers, as demonstrated in an industry study by the Quantum Economic Development-Consortium in October. IonQ expects barium qubits to improve the performance of its quantum gates and qubit measurement, leading to even more useful quantum computers.
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Making quantum computers even more powerful
https://techxplore.com/news/2022-01-qua ... erful.html
by Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
Engineers at Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) have developed a method for reading several qubits—the smallest unit of quantum data—at the same time. Their method paves the way to a new generation of even more powerful quantum computers.

"IBM and Google currently have the world's most powerful quantum computers," says Prof. Edoardo Charbon, head of the Advanced Quantum Architecture Laboratory (AQUA Lab) in EPFL's School of Engineering. "IBM has just unveiled a 127-qubit machine, while Google's is 53 qubits." The scope for making quantum computers even faster is limited, however, due to an upper bound on the number of qubits. But a team of engineers led by Charbon, in collaboration with researchers in the U.K., has just developed a promising method for breaking through this technological barrier. Their approach can read qubits more efficiently, meaning more of them can be packed into quantum processors. Their findings appear in Nature Electronics.
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Semiconductor Spin Qubits Gain Further Credibility as Leading Platform for Quantum Computing
January 19, 2022

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/940564

Introduction:
(Delft University of Technology via EurekAlert) Researchers at QuTech—a collaboration between the Delft University of Technology and TNO—have taken an important step for semiconductor spin qubits by surpassing the 99% barrier for two-qubit gate fidelity. They report on their findings in Nature on 19 January 2021 and are featured on the issue's cover. Two independent works from groups at UNSW Sydney and at RIKEN report similar results in the same issue of Nature.*

Advantages

Semiconductor spin qubits are well positioned as the building block for a future quantum computer. Among all the candidate platforms, electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots have advantages for their long coherence times, small footprint, the potential for scaling up, and the compatibility with advanced semiconductor manufacturing technology. A major challenge however is to implement operations with sufficient accuracy to arrive at a reliable outcome. The higher the accuracy—or fidelity—of the operations, the higher the likelihood that near-term applications for quantum computers come in reach. And the higher the likelihood that errors can be corrected faster than they appear.

The central requirement for correcting errors is expressed in terms of an error threshold. Reaching two-qubit gate fidelities above 99% has been a long-standing major goal for semiconductor spin qubits. Single-qubit operations of spin qubits in quantum dots achieved fidelities of 99.9%, but the two-qubit gate fidelities reported, vary from 92% to 98%.

Important barrier

Researchers of QuTech have now realized a spin-based quantum processor in silicon with single- and two-qubit gate fidelities all above 99.5%. ‘Now that this important 99% barrier for the two-qubit gate fidelity has been surpassed, semiconductor qubits have gained cridibility as a leading platorm, not only for scaling but also for high-fidelity control’, says Xiao Xue, lead author of the publication in Nature.
*https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04182-y
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How Sandia Labs is Revealing the Inner Workings of Quantum Computer
January 19, 2022

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/940446

Introduction:
(DOE/Sandia National Laboratories via EurekAlert) ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — A precision diagnostic developed at the Department of Energy’s Sandia National Laboratories is emerging as a gold standard for detecting and describing problems inside quantum computing hardware.

Two papers published today in the scientific journal Nature describe how separate research teams — one including Sandia researchers — used a Sandia technique called gate set tomography to develop and validate highly reliable quantum processors. Sandia has been developing gate set tomography since 2012, with funding from the DOE Office of Science through the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program.

Sandia scientists collaborated with Australian researchers at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, led by Professor Andrea Morello, to publish one of today’s papers. Together, they used GST to show that a sophisticated, three-qubit system comprising two atomic nuclei and one electron in a silicon chip could be manipulated reliably with 99%-plus accuracy.

In another Nature article appearing today, a group led by Professor Lieven Vandersypen at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands used gate set tomography, implemented using Sandia software, to demonstrate the important milestone of 99%-plus accuracy but with a different approach, controlling electrons trapped within quantum dots instead of isolated atomic nuclei.

“We want researchers everywhere to know they have access to a powerful, cutting-edge tool that will help them make their breakthroughs,” said Sandia scientist Robin Blume-Kohou
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Modular supercomputing makes new quantum computer available to neuroscientists
https://www.humanbrainproject.eu/en/fol ... cientists/
The first computer that is going to combine High-Performance and Quantum Computing was inaugurated in Jülich, Germany on 17 January. Its new capabilities will be made available to neuroscientists via the Human Brain Project’s FENIX computing infrastructure.

D-Wave Quantum Annealer. The new system at Jülich will work closely integrated with supercomputers, which support the Human Brain Project’s underlying supercomputing infrastructure. © Forschungszentrum Jülich / Sascha Kreklau


A quantum annealer with more than 5,000 qubits has started operation at Forschungszentrum Jülich in Germany this week. In a ceremony, representatives from politics and science officially put the company D-Wave’s first cloud-based quantum system outside North America into operation.

Annealing quantum computer systems like this one are particularly well suited for solving challenging optimization problems, like the efficient control of traffic flows and the training of neural networks for artificial intelligence applications.

Neuroscience as a user community for cutting- edge computing

Researchers of the Human Brain Project (HBP) have access to the modular system via the FENIX federated Infrastructure, which has been set up by Europe’s leading Supercomputing Centres as part of the HBP and its research infrastructure EBRAINS. Neuroscience poses a number of complex questions that could significantly benefit from the use of novel computing approaches, such as modeling and analyzing very large networks.
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Quantum computing in silicon hits 99% accuracy
https://phys.org/news/2022-01-quantum-s ... uracy.html
by University of New South Wales

UNSW Sydney-led research paves the way for large silicon-based quantum processors for real-world manufacturing and application.

Australian researchers have proven that near error-free quantum computing is possible, paving the way to build silicon-based quantum devices compatible with current semiconductor manufacturing technology.

"Today's publication in Nature shows our operations were 99 percent error-free," says Professor Andrea Morello of UNSW, who led the work.

"When the errors are so rare, it becomes possible to detect them and correct them when they occur. This shows that it is possible to build quantum computers that have enough scale, and enough power, to handle meaningful computation."

This piece of research is an important milestone on the journey that will get us there," Prof. Morello says.
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