Physics News and Discussions

weatheriscool
Posts: 12971
Joined: Sun May 16, 2021 6:16 pm

Re: Physics News and Discussions

Post by weatheriscool »

New technique reveals changing shapes of magnetic noise in space and time
https://phys.org/news/2022-12-technique ... space.html
by Molly Sharlach, Princeton University

Electromagnetic noise poses a major problem for communications, prompting wireless carriers to invest heavily in technologies to overcome it. But for a team of scientists exploring the atomic realm, measuring tiny fluctuations in noise could hold the key to discovery.

"Noise is usually thought of as a nuisance, but physicists can learn many things by studying noise," said Nathalie de Leon, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at Princeton University. "By measuring the noise in a material, they can learn its composition, its temperature, how electrons flow and interact with one another, and how spins order to form magnets. It is generally difficult to measure anything about how the noise changes in space or time."

Using specially designed diamonds, a team of researchers at Princeton and the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a technique to measure noise in a material by studying correlations, and they can use this information to learn the spatial structure and time-varying nature of the noise. This technique, which relies on tracking tiny fluctuations in magnetic fields, represents a stark improvement over previous methods that averaged many separate measurements.
weatheriscool
Posts: 12971
Joined: Sun May 16, 2021 6:16 pm

Re: Physics News and Discussions

Post by weatheriscool »

First Demonstration of Energy Teleportation
https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sc ... eportation
 

Teleportation is the ability to send quantum information from one part of the universe to another, without travelling through the space in between. By sending all the information that describes a single particle and passing it to another, this second particle takes on all the characteristics of the first.

It is physically indistinguishable from the first and in a sense, becomes the first particle, albeit in a different part of the universe. Hence the name teleportation, first demonstrated in the 1990s.

Today teleportation is a standard phenomenon in quantum optics laboratories and has become a foundational technology behind the slowly emerging quantum internet.
Energy Transmission

But it has another use. In the 2000s, a Japanese physicist called Masahiro Hotta at Tohoku University took the idea further by suggesting that if teleportation can transmit information, then it should also be able to transmit energy too. He went on to develop the theoretical foundation for quantum energy teleportation.
User avatar
raklian
Posts: 1747
Joined: Sun May 16, 2021 4:46 pm
Location: North Carolina

Re: Physics News and Discussions

Post by raklian »

weatheriscool wrote: Tue Jan 17, 2023 10:18 pm First Demonstration of Energy Teleportation
https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sc ... eportation
 

Teleportation is the ability to send quantum information from one part of the universe to another, without travelling through the space in between. By sending all the information that describes a single particle and passing it to another, this second particle takes on all the characteristics of the first.

It is physically indistinguishable from the first and in a sense, becomes the first particle, albeit in a different part of the universe. Hence the name teleportation, first demonstrated in the 1990s.

Today teleportation is a standard phenomenon in quantum optics laboratories and has become a foundational technology behind the slowly emerging quantum internet.
Energy Transmission

But it has another use. In the 2000s, a Japanese physicist called Masahiro Hotta at Tohoku University took the idea further by suggesting that if teleportation can transmit information, then it should also be able to transmit energy too. He went on to develop the theoretical foundation for quantum energy teleportation.
Didn't see that one coming.
To know is essentially the same as not knowing. The only thing that occurs is the rearrangement of atoms in your brain.
weatheriscool
Posts: 12971
Joined: Sun May 16, 2021 6:16 pm

Re: Physics News and Discussions

Post by weatheriscool »

Scientists report on a quasiparticle that can transfer heat under electrical control
https://phys.org/news/2023-02-scientist ... rical.html
by Emily Caldwell, The Ohio State University
Scientists have found the secret behind a property of solid materials known as ferroelectrics, showing that quasiparticles moving in wave-like patterns among vibrating atoms carry enough heat to turn the material into a thermal switch when an electrical field is applied externally.

A key finding of the study is that this control of thermal conductivity is attributable to the structure of the material rather than any random collisions among atoms. Specifically, the researchers describe quasiparticles called ferrons whose polarization changes as they "wiggle" in between vibrating atoms—and it's that ordered wiggling and polarization, receptive to the externally applied electrical field, that dictates the material's ability to transfer the heat at a different rate.

"We figured out that this change in position of these atoms, and the change of the nature of the vibrations, must carry heat, and therefore the external field which changes this vibration must affect the thermal conductivity," said senior author Joseph Heremans, professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, materials science and engineering, and physics at The Ohio State University.

"People tend to think atom vibrations are a given fact and don't respond to an electric field or a magnetic field. And we are saying you can affect them with an electric field."
weatheriscool
Posts: 12971
Joined: Sun May 16, 2021 6:16 pm

Re: Physics News and Discussions

Post by weatheriscool »

An extension of FermiNet to discover quantum phase transitions
https://phys.org/news/2023-02-extension ... tions.html
by Ingrid Fadelli , Phys.org
Architectures based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) have proved to be very helpful in research settings, as they can quickly analyze vast amounts of data and make accurate predictions. In 2020, Google's British AI subsidiary DeepMind used a new ANN architecture dubbed the Fermionic neural network (FermiNet) to solve the Schrodinger equation for electrons in molecules, a central problem in the field of chemistry.

The Schroedinger equation is a partial differential equation based on well-established theory of energy conservation, which can be used to derive information about the behavior of electrons and solve problems related to the properties of matter. Using FermiNet, which is a conceptually simple method, DeepMind could solve this equation in the context of chemistry, attaining very accurate results that were comparable to those obtained using highly sophisticated quantum chemistry techniques. 

Researchers at Imperial College London, DeepMind, Lancaster University, and University of Oxford recently adapted the FermiNet architecture to tackle a quantum physics problem. In their paper, published in Physical Review Letters, they specifically used FermiNet to calculate the ground states of periodic Hamiltonians and study the homogenous electron gas (HEG), a simplified quantum mechanical model of electrons interacting in solids.

"Molecules are nice, but physicists are more concerned with solving the Schrodinger equation for solid matter," Gino Cassella, one of the researchers who carried out the study, told Phys.org. "The field of 'condensed matter physics' centers around calculating the behavior of electrons in solid materials, from the wood of your desk to the silicon inside the transistors which power your phone. Naturally, then, we were curious to know if the FermiNet could yield equally accurate solutions to the Schrodinger equation for solids."

Initially, Cassella and his colleagues set out to study the HEG model. In contrast with real solids, this simplified model of solids does not contain atoms, but merely electrons that are whizzing around on a smeared-out positively charged background, which is sometimes referred to as 'jellium' (i.e., evoking the image of electrons embedded in a positively charged jelly).

"Despite its simplicity, the HEG exhibits one of the most important phenomena in the study of condensed matter physics: a quantum phase transition, known as the Wigner transition," Cassella explained. "As the density of the HEG decreases, it undergoes a transition from a 'gassy' state to a 'crystalline' state.  We wanted to solve the Schrodinger equation with the FermiNet on either side of the Wigner transition and see how accurate the solutions we obtained are compared to current state-of-the-art methods."

Most deep learning methods used in physics research rely on the analysis of large amounts of data, yet FermiNet does not. In contrast, it leverages the 'variational principle' of quantum mechanics, which states that the energy of a guess for the wavefunction in a given system is always equal to or greater than the energy of the so-called 'ground-state wavefunction', and only equal when a guess is exactly the same as the ground-state wavefunction.

"This ground-state wavefunction and its corresponding energy is exactly the solution we are looking for," Cassella said. "What this means is that we can use the energy as an objective function that we want to make as low as possible, this is what machine learning practitioners would call a 'loss function'. In essence, we train our neural networks guided solely by the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics."
weatheriscool
Posts: 12971
Joined: Sun May 16, 2021 6:16 pm

Re: Physics News and Discussions

Post by weatheriscool »

Nanoparticles perform ultralong distance communication, have 'no counterpart or analogue in nature'
https://phys.org/news/2023-02-nanoparti ... rpart.html
by Amanda Morris, Northwestern University
Northwestern University chemists have designed a new photonic lattice with properties never before seen in nature. In solid materials, atoms must be equally spaced apart and close enough together to interact effectively. Now, new architectures based on stacked lattices of nanoparticles show interactions across unprecedentedly large distances.

When one lattice is stacked on top of the other, the nanoparticles can still interact with each other—even when the vertical separation among particles is 1,000 times the distance of the particle-to-particle spacing within the horizontal plane.

Because the nanoparticles can communicate across ultralong distances, the stacked architecture offers potential applications in remote sensing and detection.

The study was published this week (Feb. 13) in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.

"This type of long-range coupling has not been observed before for any stacked periodic material," said Teri Odom, a senior author of the study. "Other electronic or photonic stacked layers are separated vertically by a spacing similar to the horizontal periodicity of the building unit in the single layer. This is an entirely new class of engineered materials that have no counterpart or analogue in nature."

A nanotechnology expert, Odom is chair of Northwestern's chemistry department and the Joan Hustling Madden and William H. Madden Jr. Professor of Chemistry in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences. She also is a member of the International Institute of Nanotechnology and the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute. Northwestern co-authors include George Schatz, the Charles E. and Emma H. Morrison Professor of Chemistry at Weinberg.

To design the new material, Odom and her team took inspiration from moiré patterns, a geometrical design created by two patterns of identical periodic lattices.

The researchers first patterned photonic lattices consisting of two-dimensional arrays of nanoparticles with separations that promoted horizontal coupling, resulting in single-layer optical materials. Then, they stacked identical nanoparticle lattices on top of each other to create two-layered and multilayered lattices with new optical properties not accessible from one layer alone.
weatheriscool
Posts: 12971
Joined: Sun May 16, 2021 6:16 pm

Re: Physics News and Discussions

Post by weatheriscool »

Physicists make most precise measurement yet of magnetic moment of an electron
https://phys.org/news/2023-02-physicist ... ctron.html
by Bob Yirka , Phys.org

A combined team of physicists from Harvard University and Northwestern University has found the most precise value yet for the magnetic moment of an electron. In their paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters, the group describes the methods they used to measure properties of an electron and implications of the new precision.

The magnetic moment of an electron, also known as the electron magnetic dipole moment, results from its electric and spin properties. Of all the elementary properties that have been studied, it is the one that has been the most precisely measured, and also the most accurately verified.

Measuring the magnetic moment of an electron to ever higher standards of accuracy is important because physicists believe that at some point, such measurements will help to complete the standard model of physics. In this new effort, the research group has measured the magnetic moment to a precision twice that of any other effort—the last best effort was 14 years ago.

Physicists use the magnetic moment of particles like electrons to test the standard model by studying interactions between them and virtual particles that come into existence inside of a vacuum chamber. Such study involves measuring the affect of collisions on both the magnetic moment and its g factor and then comparing the results to what is described by the standard model.
weatheriscool
Posts: 12971
Joined: Sun May 16, 2021 6:16 pm

Re: Physics News and Discussions

Post by weatheriscool »

South Korea debuts first search for DFSZ axion dark matter
https://phys.org/news/2023-02-south-kor ... axion.html
by Institute for Basic Science
A South Korean research team at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP) within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) recently announced the most advanced experimental setup to search for axions. The group has successfully taken its first step toward the search for Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) axion dark matter originating from the Grand Unification Theory (GUT). Not only that, the IBS-CAPP experimental setup allows for far greater search speed compared to any other axion search experiments in the world.

The notion of physics being "dead" has been a recurrent opinion across history. In the late 19th century, William Thompson, also known as Lord Kelvin, erroneously believed that there would be no new discovery in physics after 1900. Likewise, some have thought that there were no new particles to be found after neutrons were discovered in the 1930s. Even today, some worry that modern theoretical physics is at a dead end.
User avatar
DouglasTheKing
Posts: 13
Joined: Sat Feb 11, 2023 2:37 pm

Re: Physics News and Discussions

Post by DouglasTheKing »

Scientists have discovered a new state of matter called "liquid glass," which has properties of both a solid and a liquid. Scientists have discovered a new state of matter called "liquid glass," which has solid and liquid properties. Mathematics and physics are my favorite sciences. I am learning them with [spam link removed] because this source helps me study pre-algebra and find solutions to exercises like converting numbers to a fraction. So discover resources with math news and help since this is a more effective way of researching mathematics and physics and finding solutions and answers to math questions. Now read more about the article.
This discovery was made by a team of researchers at the University of Edinburgh, who used computer simulations to study the behavior of glasses at the molecular level. They found that at low temperatures, glasses can enter a state where their molecules become locked in a disordered, non-crystalline structure that behaves like a liquid.

The researchers believe that this discovery could help explain the strange behavior of glasses, which have properties that are different from those of ordinary solids and liquids. For example, glasses are often brittle and can shatter easily, but they can also flow like a liquid over long periods of time.
weatheriscool
Posts: 12971
Joined: Sun May 16, 2021 6:16 pm

Re: Physics News and Discussions

Post by weatheriscool »

Observing phononic skyrmions based on the hybrid spin of elastic waves
https://phys.org/news/2023-02-phononic- ... astic.html
by Thamarasee Jeewandara , Phys.org
Skyrmions are extremely small with diameters in the nanoscale, and they behave as particles suited for information storage and logic technologies. In 1961, Tony Skyrme formulated a manifestation of the first topological defect to model a particle and coined it as skyrmions. Such particles with topologically stable configurations can launch a promising route toward establishing high-density magnetic and phononic (a discrete unit of quantum vibrational mechanical energy) information processing routes.

In a new report published in Science Advances, Liyun Cao and a team of researchers at the University of Lorraine CNRS, France, experimentally developed phononic skyrmions as new topological structures by using the three-dimensional (3D) hybrid spin of elastic waves. The researchers observed the frequency-independent spin configurations and their progression toward the formation of ultra-broadband phononic skyrmions that could be produced on any solid structure.

The new research work opens a vibrant horizon to regulate elastic waves and structures based on spin configuration, thus offering alternative phononic technologies well suited for information processing, biomedical testing and wave engineering applications.
Post Reply