Diseases & Outbreaks News and Discussions

[weatheriscool]

syphilis cases surging in Florida

... According to data from the Centers for Disease Control, syphilis cases reached their highest level in decades when looking at reported data in 2022.

In Florida, syphilis cases are also surging. Data from the state health department shows that cases in the state nearly doubled from 2018 to 2022 ...

Congenital syphilis, which is a condition where a mother with syphilis passes the infection onto her growing baby, also surged in Orange County in 2022 ...

https://www.wesh.com/article/syphilis-c ... a/46894060

[weatheriscool]

[wjfox]

Cambodia reports another human H5N1 avian flu case as Hong Kong notes H9 infection

February 21, 2024

Cambodia's health ministry has reported another human infection from H5N1 avian influenza, part of an uptick in similar cases that began in 2023.

The patient is a 17-year-old girl from Kampot province, according to a ministry statement translated and posted by Avian Flu Diary, an infectious disease news blog. Kampot province is in southern Cambodia. The girl is hospitalized in the intensive care unit and is improving.

An investigation found that about 5 days before the girl's symptoms began, there were seven dead chickens at her home.

Cambodia has now reported 5 cases for 2024 and a total of 11 since February 2023, following nearly a decade with no human infections. Genetic sequencing on samples from several cases has revealed that the virus belongs to an older H5N1 clade (2.3.2.1c) that still circulates in poultry in some Asian countries, including Cambodia. It is different from the newer H5N1 clade (2.3.4.4b) that is currently affecting wild birds and poultry in multiple world regions, including the United States.

Hong Kong reports imported H9 case

Elsewhere, Hong Kong's Centre for Health Protection (CHP) today reported an influenza A H9 case, which involves a 22-month-old girl who had recently visited the city of Zhongshan in mainland China's Guangdong province. Her symptoms began on February 15, and she was seen at a hospital the next day but was not admitted. Plans are under way for her to receive care in hospital isolation.

https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/avian-influe ... g-notes-h9



Juhan Sonin / Flickr cc

[weatheriscool]

[Powers]

Freedumb.

[Time_Traveller]

First penguins die in Antarctic of deadly H5N1 bird flu strain

Mon 29 Jan 2024 15.05 GMT



At least one king penguin is suspected to have died from bird flu in the Antarctic. If confirmed, it will be the first of the species killed by the highly contagious H5N1 virus in the wild.

Researchers have previously raised alarm about “one of the largest ecological disasters of modern times” if bird flu reached remote Antarctic penguin populations. The birds are currently clustering together for breeding season, meaning the disease could rip through entire colonies if it continues to spread through the region.

King penguins are the world’s second-largest penguin, at about 3ft tall, and can live for more than 20 years in the wild. The suspected case was recorded on South Georgia island in the Antarctic region, according to the latest update from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (Scar). A gentoo penguin was also suspected to have died from H5N1 at the same location.

Separately, at least one gentoo penguin has been confirmed to have died from H5N1 on the Falkland Islands – 900 miles (1,500km) west of South Georgia – with more than 20 chicks either dead or also showing symptoms. Since H5N1 arrived in the Antarctic, there have been mass deaths of elephant seals as well as increased deaths of fur seals, kelp gulls and brown skua in the region.

Previous outbreaks in South Africa, Chile and Argentina show penguins are susceptible to the disease. Since it arrived in South America, more than 500,000 seabirds have died of it, with penguins, pelicans and boobies among those most heavily affected.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment ... strain-aoe

More on this: -

Bird flu hits king penguins for the first time, British scientists reveal

March 11, 2024 6:00 pm



Scientists have identified the world’s first-ever cases of bird flu in king penguins, amid signs that the virus is spreading through the sub-Antarctic region.

A team including British experts confirmed the H5N1 strain of avian influenza in five king penguins on the southern coast of South Georgia.

While the virus had begun to infect seals and other birds on the sub-Antarctic islands this winter, it is the first time it has been confirmed in the iconic species.

Bird flu had been identified in Gentoo penguins in the region in January, the first time the virus had infected any species of penguin. The latest batch of positive cases also include Gentoo, who were found with the virus on Bird Island near South Georgia.

British scientists working with the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) said the outbreak in the king penguins remained localised, but there are concerns that their communal roosting patterns, where they huddle together through winter to breed, could cause the virus to spread to more of the birds.

https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/bird- ... al-2950932

[caltrek]

Dengue: The Tropical Disease That’s Suddenly Everywhere
by Dylan Scott
March 14, 2024

Introduction:

(Vox) Dengue (pronounced DEN-gay), a mosquito-borne illness that has circulated to a limited degree for centuries, is now spreading with unprecedented speed around the world. It’s a worrying example of how a changing climate and 21st-century demographic trends can quickly turn a public health nuisance into a daunting global health crisis.

In 2000, there were about 500,000 reported dengue cases and 19,685 recorded dengue deaths around the world; by 2019, there were 5.2 million cases and 30,000 deaths, the most ever. Deaths are on pace to set another record in 2024.

The disease’s true reach is likely even higher, as dengue is sometimes asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic, and its symptoms can be mistaken for other infections, such as yellow fever or the chikungunya virus.

In South and Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and South America, which has long faced dengue epidemics every three to five years, the virus has turned into a chronic threat.

In January and February, Brazil reported more than 1 million cases and around 300 deaths from dengue — the fastest spread of the virus ever recorded in the country. In all of 2023, Brazil saw 1.6 million dengue cases, already an 18 percent increase over the previous year. Seven of Brazil’s 26 states have declared a state of emergency, and the country has been mobilizing an unprecedented vaccination campaign, the first-ever nationalized rollout of dengue vaccines.

Read more here: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/240 ... l-vaccine

[Time_Traveller]

Humans pass more viruses to other animals than we catch from them – study

7 hours ago



Humans pass on more viruses to domestic and wild animals than they catch from them, a new study suggests.

University College London (UCL) researchers analysed all publicly available viral genome sequences, to see where viruses have jumped from one host to infect another vertebrate species – animals with a backbone and skeleton.

Understanding how and why viruses evolve to jump into different hosts may help experts figure out how new viral diseases emerge in humans and animals.

Most infectious diseases are caused by viruses circulating in animals, and when these cross over into humans – a process known as zoonosis – they can cause disease outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics such as Ebola, flu or Covid-19.

Experts suggest that given the large impact of these diseases on public health, humans have generally been considered as a sink for viruses rather than a source, with human-to-animal transmission of viruses receiving far less attention.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/scie ... 18072.html

[weatheriscool]

[weatheriscool]

[wjfox]

[wjfox]

[caltrek]

Hong Kong’s First Monkey Virus Case – What Do We Know About the B Virus?
April 5, 2024

Introduction:

(Al Jazeera) Hong Kong’s Centre for Health Protection has announced its first human case of B virus in a rare incidence of a virus being transmitted from animals to humans. The centre is urging the public to refrain from touching or feeding wild monkeys to reduce the risk of catching it.

Here is what we know about the B virus and the case in Hong Kong:

What is known about the B virus case in Hong Kong?

A 37-year-old man was reported to have been attacked and injured by monkeys at Hong Kong’s Kam Shan Country Park, also locally known as Monkey Hill, in late February. The precise nature of his injuries is not known.

A few weeks later, having become ill, the man, who otherwise had “good past health”, according to a statement published on the Hong Kong government’s website, was admitted to Yan Chai Hospital’s emergency department on March 21 with a fever and “decreased conscious level”.

On Wednesday this week, his cerebrospinal fluid specimen tested positive for the B virus at the Centre of Health Protection’s laboratory.

Read more here: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/ ... e-b-virus

[weatheriscool]

[weatheriscool]

[caltrek]

UK/Portuguese Study Strongly Suggests Antibiotic-resistant “Superbugs” are Being Passed from Cats and Dogs to their Owners
April 12, 2024

Introduction:

(ESCMID Global Congress via Eurekalert) Pet dogs and cats play an important role in the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, new research be presented at the ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID) in Barcelona, Spain (27-30 April) suggests.

The study has found evidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria being passed between sick cats and dogs and their healthy owners in Portugal and the UK, raising concerns that pets can act as reservoirs of resistance and so aid in the spread of resistance to vital medicines.

Antibiotic resistance is reaching dangerously high levels around the world. Drug-resistant infections kill more than 1.2 million people a year globally and, with the figure projected to rise to 10 million by 2050 if no action is taken, the World Health Organization (WHO) classes antibiotic resistance as one of the greatest public health threats facing humanity.

“Recent research indicates that the transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria between humans and animals, including pets, is crucial in maintaining resistance levels, challenging the traditional belief that humans are the main carriers of AMR bacteria in the community,” says lead researcher Juliana Menezes, of the Antibiotic Resistance Lab at the Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon.

“Understanding and addressing the transmission of AMR bacteria from pets to humans is essential for effectively combating antimicrobial resistance in both human and animal populations.”

Read more here: https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1040942

[Time_Traveller]

In world first, Nigeria introduces new 5-in-1 vaccine against meningitis

12 April 2024

In a historic move, Nigeria has become the first country in the world to roll out a new vaccine (called Men5CV) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), which protects people against five strains of the meningococcus bacteria. The vaccine and emergency vaccination activities are funded by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, which funds the global meningitis vaccine stockpile, and supports lower-income countries with routine vaccination against meningitis.

Nigeria is one of the 26 meningitis hyper-endemic countries of Africa, situated in the area known as the African Meningitis Belt. Last year, there was a 50% jump in annual meningitis cases reported across Africa.

In Nigeria, an outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) serogroup C outbreak led to 1742 suspected meningitis cases, including 101 confirmed cases and 153 deaths in seven of 36 Nigerian states (Adamawa, Bauchi, Gombe, Jigawa, Katsina, Yobe, Zamfara) between 1 October 2023 and 11 March 2024. To quell the deadly outbreak, a vaccination campaign has been undertaken on 25--28 March 2024 to initially reach more than one million people aged 1-29 years

Meningitis is a serious infection that leads to the inflammation of the membranes (meninges) that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord. There are multiple causes of meningitis, including viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic pathogens. Symptoms often include headache, fever and stiff neck. Bacterial meningitis is the most serious, can also result in septicaemia (blood poisoning), and can seriously disable or kill within 24 hours those that contract it.

“Meningitis is an old and deadly foe, but this new vaccine holds the potential to change the trajectory of the disease, preventing future outbreaks and saving many lives,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “Nigeria’s rollout brings us one step closer to our goal to eliminate meningitis by 2030.”

https://www.who.int/news/item/12-04-202 ... meningitis

[firestar464]

New vaccine strategy may mean the end of the line for endless boosters

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-04- ... sters.html

[weatheriscool]

[removed by wjfox]

[firestar464]

Can we do better for the sourcing here?