Modern History (1800 – present)

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caltrek
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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Occupy Wall Street Ten Years Later
by By Ruth Milkman, Stephanie Luce and Penny Lewis:

https://www.thenation.com/article/socie ... i-protest/

Introduction:
(The Nation)Ten years ago this month, Occupy Wall Street unexpectedly inaugurated a new wave of protest. The domestic manifestation of a worldwide explosion of digitally networked social movements, it scaled up rapidly, attracting enormous public and media attention. But the protesters were evicted from New York City’s Zuccotti Park and other occupied spaces after only a few months, and Occupy dissipated soon afterward. Some commentators have dismissed it as a meteoric flash in the pan, while others have criticized its “horizontalist” structure and lack of concrete demands.

After speaking recently with more than 20 activists who were centrally involved in the movement, we beg to differ with such negative assessments. “Occupy wasn’t a blip, it was a spark!” declared one, veteran organizer Nastaran Mohit. “It was a turning point, a spark that led to many fires.”

by David Dayen:

https://prospect.org/politics/occupy-wa ... nnie-wong/

Introduction:
(The American Prospect) Friday is the tenth anniversary of the beginning of Occupy Wall Street, a monthslong activist annexation of public space around the world. Almost to this day, the media depicts Occupy as an inchoate mass of discontented young people with no real ideas or specifics or strategy to bend politics to their liking. And yet in 2011, when it began, the Democratic Party’s standard-bearer was trying to figure out how to cut Social Security and raise the Medicare eligibility age in a grand bargain with Republicans over the deficit. Today, the Democratic Party’s standard-bearer, the previous standard-bearer’s vice president, is trying to spend trillions of dollars to give people universal pre-kindergarten; free community college; expanded health care, child care, and elder care benefits; and a Child Tax Credit that amounts to a universal basic income for children.

This shift within Democratic politics would not have been possible without a progressive movement that sprang in large part from Occupy, both in its willingness for confrontation and in its analysis of how the economy was not working for most people. Occupy has direct linkages to the movement to fight inequality, the movement to cancel student debt, and both of Bernie Sanders’s presidential campaigns, which were staffed by a number of Occupy veterans. Occupy also demonstrated how the state can crush dissenters of all kinds, giving rise to further scrutiny of police brutality.

One of the first people in Zuccotti Park in New York City, the original Occupy encampment, was Winnie Wong, a founding organizer who went on to work on both Sanders campaigns, and now continues as a media maker and online activist. She reflected on ten years since Occupy and how it precipitated social and political change. (See link to article above this quote box for the interview with Winnie Wong).

by Michael Levitin:

https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archi ... ca/620064/
(The Atlantic) A decade before United Nations climate scientists issued a “code red for humanity,” the 20-year-old college junior Evan Weber joined several thousand protesters descending on Wall Street to declare a code red for democracy. At the height of the Great Recession, Weber and his generation saw the climate crisis staring them in the face, along with exploding wealth and income inequality, student debt, and housing and health-care costs. On September 17, 2011, they rebelled. Pointing a finger at banks, corporations, and the wealthiest 1 percent, whom they blamed for corrupting our democracy by buying elections to control the legislative process, the protesters camping in Zuccotti Park issued a clarion call for justice: “We are the 99 percent.” That fall, hundreds of thousands of people joined Occupy Wall Street and its partner occupations in more than 600 U.S. towns and cities. Overnight, the movement created a new narrative around economic inequality—and seized the public’s attention. Polls showed that a wide majority of Americans supported Occupy.

Then, almost as quickly as it had arrived, the movement appeared to vanish, leaving behind little except for the language of the 99 and the 1 percent. In the decade since, the wealth gap has only widened. The rules haven’t changed; our system remains rigged to benefit those at the top. And yet, on the tenth anniversary of Occupy Wall Street, it’s clear that the movement has had lasting, visible impacts on our political and cultural landscape—igniting an era of resistance that has redefined economic rights, progressive politics, and activism for a generation.
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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Bradford City stadium fire

11 May 1985

The Bradford City stadium fire occurred during an English League Third Division match between Bradford City and Lincoln City at the Valley Parade stadium on Saturday, 11 May 1985, killing 56 spectators and injuring at least 265. The stadium, long-established home to Bradford City Football Club, was known for its antiquated design and facilities, which included the wooden roof of the main stand. Previous warnings had also been given about a major build-up of litter in the cavity below the seats in the stand. The stand had been officially condemned and was due to be replaced with a steel structure after the season ended.

The match against Lincoln City, the final game of that season, had started in a celebratory atmosphere with the home team receiving the Football League Third Division trophy. At 3.40 p.m., TV commentator John Helm remarked upon a small fire in the main stand; in less than four minutes, with the windy conditions, it had engulfed the whole stand, trapping some people in their seats. In the mass panic that ensued, fleeing crowds escaped on to the pitch but others at the back of the stand tried to break down locked exit doors to escape, and many were burnt to death at the turnstiles gates, which had also been locked after the match had begun. There were many cases of heroism, with more than 50 people later receiving police awards or commendations for bravery.

The disaster led to rigid new safety standards in UK stadiums, including the banning of new wooden grandstands. It was also a catalyst for the substantial redevelopment and modernisation of many British football grounds within the following thirty years. Bradford City continues to support the burns unit at the University of Bradford as its official charity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford_ ... adium_fire



NSFL.


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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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'Another World is Possible': How Occupy Wall Street Reshaped Politics and Kicked Off a New Era of Protest

Here is a Democracy Now! show on this subject presented via Alternet:

https://www.alternet.org/2021/09/occupy-wall-street/
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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And remember my friend, future events such as these will affect you in the future
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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Fifty Years Ago, the First CT Scan Let Doctors See Inside a Living Skull – Thanks to an Eccentric Engineer at the Beatles’ Record Company
September 30, 2021

https://theconversation.com/50-years-ag ... any-149907

Introduction:
(The Conversation) The possibility of precious objects hidden in secret chambers can really ignite the imagination. In the mid-1960s, British engineer Godfrey Hounsfield pondered whether one could detect hidden areas in Egyptian pyramids by capturing cosmic rays that passed through unseen voids.

He held onto this idea over the years, which can be paraphrased as “looking inside a box without opening it.” Ultimately he did figure how to use high-energy rays to reveal what’s invisible to the naked eye. He invented a way to see inside the hard skull and get a picture of the soft brain inside.

The first computed tomography image – a CT scan – of the human brain was made 50 years ago, on Oct. 1, 1971. Hounsfield never made it to Egypt, but his invention did take him to Stockholm and Buckingham Palace.

An engineer’s innovation

Godfrey Hounsfield’s early life did not suggest that he would accomplish much at all. He was not a particularly good student. As a young boy his teachers described him as “thick.”

He joined the British Royal Air Force at the start of the Second World War, but he wasn’t much of a soldier. He was, however, a wizard with electrical machinery – especially the newly invented radar that he would jury-rig to help pilots better find their way home on dark, cloudy nights.
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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The 1965-1970 Delano Grape Strike and Boycott
by Inga Kim
March 7, 2017

http://www.futuretimeline.net/forum/pos ... 4d8112ebac

Introduction:
(United Farm Workers) On September 8, 1965, Filipino American grape workers, members of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, walked out on strike against Delano-area table and wine grape growers protesting years of poor pay and conditions. The Filipinos asked Cesar Chavez, who led a mostly Latino farm workers union, the National Farm Workers Association, to join their strike.

Cesar and the leaders of the NFWA believed it would be years before their fledgling union was ready for a strike. But he also knew how growers historically pitted one race against another to break field walkouts. Cesar’s union voted to join the Filipino workers’ walkouts on Mexican Independence Day, September 16, 1965. From the beginning this would be a different kind of strike.
  • Cesar insisted the Latino and Filipino strikers work together, sharing the same picketlines, strike kitchens and union hall.
  • He asked strikers take a solemn vow to remain nonviolent.
  • The strike drew unprecedented support from outside the Central Valley, from other unions, church activists, students, Latinos and other minorities, and civil rights groups.
One could easily start and populate a thread all to itself on the impact and importance of this strike on the agricultural industry, particularly in California.
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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Chavez was of course inspired by Gandhi.

'Fight For Farmers, Country & Peace': India Remembers Shastri, Gandhi On Their Birth Anniversaries
by Ratika Rana
October 2, 2021

https://thelogicalindian.com/history/ma ... stri-31022

Introduction:
(The Logical Indian) October 2 is a celebrated day in India, honouring the rise of brave freedom fighters like Mahatma Gandhi and Lal Bahadur Shastri. The courageous act of Indians during the British era made the world gape at a country that celebrates unity in diversity.

On the birth anniversary of the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, and former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, it is imperative to stop and reflect if the present generation carried their rich legacy forward. Like the whole world, India too is reeling under a massive health crisis, a widening economic budget gap, and not to forget, the severe farmer protests that have been going on for months now.

'City Of The Dead'

The uncanny similarity in today's scenario is gut-wrenching. After Independence, when the hustling and bustling national capital was reduced to being the 'city of the dead', owing to the communal riots in neighbouring states, Gandhi had said, "if we do not cure ourselves of this insanity, we shall lose the freedom we have won."

Gandhi raised the question of moral responsibility and reminded the party in power of its duty towards its citizens, irrespective of their religion. On January 13, 1948, Gandhi announced his fast unto death to address the conscience. Gandhi's fast was motivated by the cause of curbing the riots taking place in the dark corners of the city. As fate would have it, this fast was his last.*

Shastri Requested Citizens To Skip Meal

A few years later, when Lal Bahadur Shastri took oath as the Prime Minister after the shocking demise of Jawaharlal Nehru, he popularised the slogan 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan' to emphasize the importance of self-reliance and self-sustenance as pillars of a strong nation. He highlighted the crucial role played by farmers in the country and stressed on the need to empower them. Shastri always relied on moral principles, and his nation was more important to him than his family. During the 1965 Indo-Pak war, when there was an acute food shortage, he asked his family to skip dinner because he wanted to feel what his countryme
*Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948 (caltrek).

caltrek's comment: If "the present generation carried their rich legacy forward" was a question that originally inspired me to start a thread on India in the old Future Timeline forum.
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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Warship Sunk in 1927 Collision Found on Seabed off Shimane
by Tadashi Sugiyama and Fumi Yada
October 2, 2021

https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14439184

Introduction:
(The Asahi Shimbun) MATSUE--For more than 90 years, the final resting place of the Imperial Japanese Navy destroyer Warabi was unknown after a collision with a light cruiser during a nighttime drill in the Sea of Japan.

Now, the likely remains of the battleship, whose hull was split into bow and stern sections, have been discovered at two seafloor sites by a local group commemorating the tragedy.

Two pairs of warships collided in succession off Mihonoseki, part of today’s Matsue, capital of Shimane Prefecture, in August 1927 during the exercise under lightless conditions.

The Warabi sank following the collision, while the Ashi destroyer collided with another light cruiser and was seriously damaged. A total of 119 people died.

Some have called the Mihonoseki incident the maritime equivalent to a well-known tragedy during a military drill at Mount Hakkodasan in Aomori Prefecture in 1902. A group of 199 members of an Imperial Japanese Army infantry regiment died during a march in the snow.
Image
The Imperial Japanese Navy destroyer Warabi.
Provided by the Yamato Museum
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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Study Finds That Arctic Ocean Warming Began Decades Earlier Than Previously Believed
by Nate MacKay
November 24, 2021

https://www.courthousenews.com/arctic-o ... udy-finds/

Inytroduction:
(Courthouse News) — The Arctic Ocean began getting warmer more than a century ago, according to new research showing that the polar ecosystem began experiencing the effects of climate change much earlier than existing records suggest.

The study, published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances, suggests that the warmer and saltier waters of the Atlantic Ocean began encroaching into the Arctic at the beginning of the 20th century, triggering the rapid warming that melts sea ice and raises sea levels. Researchers call this process Atlantification. The study’s authors say methods of tracking this process through instruments like satellite measurements have not captured the full scope of this Atlantification.

“We used deep sea marine records to get a longer geological context of Atlantification in the gateway of the Arctic Ocean,” said Francesco Muschitiello, the study’s co-lead author and a lecturer in physical geography at University of Cambridge, in an interview.
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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How Rosa Parks Helped Spark the Montgomery Bus Boycott
by Jennifer Rosenberg
Updated September 01, 2019

https://www.thoughtco.com/rosa-parks-re ... gregation.

Introduction:
(ThoughtCo.) On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old African-American seamstress, refused to give up her seat to a white man while riding on a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama. For doing this, Parks was arrested and fined for breaking the laws of segregation. Rosa Parks' refusal to leave her seat sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and is considered the beginning of the modern Civil Rights Movement.
Conclusion:
The one-day boycott of the buses in Montgomery was so successful that it turned into a 381-day boycott, now called the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The Montgomery Bus Boycott ended when the Supreme Court ruled that the bus segregation laws in Alabama were unconstitutional.
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Modern-day Culture Wars are Playing Out on Historic Tours of Slaveholding Plantations
by Kelley Fanto Deetz
December 6, 2021

https://theconversation.com/modern-day- ... ons-170617

Introduction:
(The Conversation) Located on nearly 2,000 acres along the banks of the Potomac River, Stratford Hall Plantation is the birthplace of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee and the home of four generations of the Lee family, including two signers of the Declaration of Independence, Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfoot Lee.

It was also the home of hundreds of enslaved Africans and African Americans. From sunup to sundown, they worked in the fields and in the Great House. Until fairly recently, the stories of these enslaved Africans and of their brothers and sisters toiling at plantations across the Southern U.S. were absent from any discussions during modern-day tours of plantations such as Stratford Hall.

Even now, with new tours and an exhibition highlighting enslaved Africans and African Americans who lived at Stratford Hall, discussions during plantation tours among visitors can often turn into visceral debates over whose history should be told or ignored.

These tensions are part of an ever-growing work of criticism directed at sites that continue to omit the history of the enslaved community. Of the 600 plantations scattered throughout the South, only one, the Whitney Plantation in Louisiana, focuses entirely on the experiences of the enslaved.

As a public historian and the director of collections and visitor engagement at Stratford Hall, I can attest that visitors have vastly different expectations when they visit this historic landmark. Their questions reflect their own interpretations, curiosities and political biases, often to the detriment of obtaining a richer education on every aspect of plantation life – the good, the bad and the ugly.
caltrek's comment: When I lived in Virginia a couple of years or so back, I actually visited the Stratford Hall Plantation. I had wanted to visit Jefferson's Monticello. I offered to drive my in-laws to Monticello if they would assist in the navigation. They agreed, but insisted that they would do the driving. When we got in their car, the driver suggested we go to Stratford Hall instead, as it was the closer destination. To avoid an argument, I reluctantly agreed without complaint.

The docent on duty that day (not Ms Deetz) did a pretty good job of showing us around. The cited article brings back memories of that visit. The only complaint I would make about the tour was when the question came up: how did all adopt to the freeing of the slaves?

The docent was completely silent on that issue. Later, I explained to my sister-in-law that the South shifted to a share-cropper system after the Civil War. Later, I learned that many Blacks came to own their own farmland with such ownership peeking in about 1920. Subsequently, that ownership dropped off and then dwindled too almost nothing. A recent article in The Nation indicates that while Department of Agriculture programs were in theory available to all small farmers in the twentieth century, racist practices of exclusion by Department of Agriculture personnel prevented Blacks from getting their fair share of assistance. So, they lost their land at far greater rate than White farmers. Another example of systemic racism in the history of the United States.

Edit: Since I mentioned The Nation here is a link to that article (see below). I am not sure, but I hope that you will not encounter a pay wall. (I subscribe to The Nation)

https://www.thenation.com/article/socie ... ford-debt/

Here are some bottom-line numbers as reported in the article:

Extract:
(The Nation) The government’s reversal on its promise to give millions of newly emancipated Black folks 40 acres and a mule stood in contrast to its land-giveaway policies for white citizens. The Homestead Act of 1862 took some 270 million acres of territory that had been taken from Native Americans—10 percent of all US public lands—and reallocated it in 160-acre parcels to 1.6 million Americans, almost all native or foreign-born whites, the ancestors of roughly 45 million living American adults who continue to reap generational wealth from that land grab. The Southern Homestead Act of 1866 also put free and low-cost public lands into the hands of an overwhelmingly white cohort of owners. Despite being denied these sorts of government handouts, emancipated Black farmers had acquired 3 million acres by 1875, a figure that would rise to 12 million by 1900. Land ownership by Black farmers reached its peak in 1910, when they owned between 15 million and 19 million acres.
Last edited by caltrek on Fri Dec 10, 2021 3:40 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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The Nobel Peace Prize and Other Nobel Prizes

https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/nobel-p ... e/history/

Introduction:
(The Nobel Peace Prize.org - History) When the Swedish businessman Alfred Nobel passed away in 1896, he left behind what was then one of the world’s largest private fortunes. In his last will Nobel declared that the whole of his remaining fortune of 31, 5 million Swedish crowns was to be invested in safe securities and should constitute a fund "the interest on which shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind"

Will

The will specified in which fields the prizes should be awarded – physics, chemistry, medicine or physiology, literature and peace – and which criteria the respective prize committees should apply when choosing their prize recipients. According to the will the Nobel Peace Prize was to be awarded “to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations and the abolition or reduction of standing armies and the formation and spreading of peace congresses.”

Norwegian Nobel Committee

Alfred Nobel’s will declared that the Nobel Peace Prize was to be awarded by a committee of five persons selected by the Norwegian Storting (parliament). The Storting accepted the assignment in April 1897, and the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Storting was set up in August of the same year. Read more about the Norwegian Nobel Committee (as it is now known) here.

Nobel Foundation

In Sweden, however, Nobel's will triggered a lengthy legal battle with parts of the Nobel family. It was not until this conflict had been resolved, and financial matters had been satisfactorily arranged through the establishment of the Nobel Foundation in Sweden in 1900, that the Norwegian Nobel Committee and the other prize-awarding bodies could begin their work.

First award

The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. The Peace Prize for that year was shared between the Frenchman Frédéric Passy and the Swiss Jean Henry Dunant.
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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Abrams v. United States

In Abrams v. United States, the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the 1918 Amendment to the Espionage Act of 1917, which made it a criminal offense to urge the curtailment of production of the materials necessary to wage the war against Germany with intent to hinder the progress of the war. This was the so-called Sedition Act of 1918. The defendants were charged and convicted of inciting resistance to the war effort and urging curtailment of production of essential war material and were sentenced to ten and twenty years in prison. Writing in dissent, Justice Oliver Wendell Homes sought to uphold the “free trade of ideas”*:
Persecution for the expression of opinion seems to me perfectly logical. If you have no doubt of your premises or your power and want a certain result with all your heart you naturally express your wishes in law and sweep away all opposition. To allow opposition by speech seems to indicate you think the speech impotent, as when a man says that he has squared the circle, or that you do not care wholeheartedly for the result, or that you doubt either your power or your premises. But when men have realized that time has upset many fighting faiths, they may come to believe even more than they believe the very foundations of their own conduct that the ultimate good desired is better reached by free trade in ideas – that the best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market, and that truth is the only ground upon which their wishes safely can be carried out. That at any rate is the theory of our Constitution. It is an experiment, as all life is an experiment. Every year if not every day we have to wager our salvation upon some prophecy based upon imperfect knowledge. While that experiment is part of our system I think that we should be eternally vigilant against attempts to check the expression of opinions that we loathe and believe to be fraught with death, unless they so imminently threaten immediate interference with the lawful and pressing purposes of the law that an immediate check is required.
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrams_v._United_States
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To Be or Not to Be? Ukraine’s Minsk Process
by Gwendolyn Sasse
March 2, 2016

https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/62939

Introduction:
(Carnegie Institute) A little over a year after the Minsk II accord was signed in February 2015, it is all too apparent that the agreement aimed at ending the war in eastern Ukraine is not working. Nevertheless, Western governments, the EU, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) keep reiterating that Minsk needs to be fulfilled. Since the deadline for the implementation of Minsk II passed at the end of December 2015, it is unclear what this means in practice. A concrete though ultimately unachievable set of security and political measures has been replaced by a vague reference to an end goal. Ukrainian and Russian politicians routinely blame each other for violating the agreement.

It is easy to see why nobody wants to officially abandon the Minsk process. The framework was difficult enough to establish in the first place, and a renegotiation of its principles would increase instability on the ground. But a peace process also needs structure and clear signposts, otherwise it becomes a process for the sake of a process. The key challenge is to carry forward the spirit of Minsk through a more targeted approach and shed some of the baggage that the process has acquired along the way.

The sequencing envisaged by Minsk II started with a full ceasefire on February 15, 2015, the pullout within two weeks of heavy weaponry from a security zone separating the warring sides, and an exchange of prisoners. These steps were to be followed immediately by a dialogue on the modalities of local elections in Ukraine and a law on special local governance measures in particular districts of the eastern oblasts of Donetsk and Luhansk.
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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Will the U.S. Go to War Over Taiwan?
Lindsay Morgan interviews James Lee
October 29, 2021

https://igcc.ucsd.edu/news-events/news/ ... aiwan.html

Introduction:
(Q):Tensions have been rising in the Taiwan Strait. Beijing has ramped up political and military pressure on Taipei, and the Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen, whose party platform favors independence, has rebuked Beijing’s efforts to undermine democracy. Can you bring us up to speed on what’s happening in Taiwan—how did we get to where we are today?

(A) I'll answer the second question first, because it provides context for what's happening today. The Taiwan question originated from the inconclusive resolution of the Chinese civil war, where the former government of China, and the party and military loyal to it, the Republic of China, moved to Taiwan in 1949. Throughout the Cold War, the Republic of China insisted that it was still the legitimate and sole legal government of China. The People's Republic of China also insisted that it was the sole legal government of China. So, during the Cold War you had these two rival Chinese governments, one in Beijing and one in Taipei, both insisting that they had the sole legal right to represent China. That's how the Taiwan question originated.

The United States was on the side of the Republic of China and interposed the Seventh Fleet in the Taiwan Strait after the outbreak of the Korean War to ensure that Taiwan would not be invaded by communist forces from mainland China. Fast forward to the present day. Taiwan is still governed separately from mainland China, and though Taiwan has never declared independence formally, over time there has been a gradual and persistent shift in the consensus in Taiwan, away from the idea that Taiwan still represents the sole legal government of China. Right now there is a debate in Taiwan about whether or not Taiwan should adhere to what is known as the One-China Principle, which is the idea that Taiwan and mainland China are both part of one China. The current government in Taiwan does not accept that view. And it's been because of that refusal to accept the One-China Principle that Beijing has been ratcheting up its maneuvers around Taiwan. The intention is to send very aggressive signals warning Taiwan not to declare formal independence.

(Q)You talked about ratcheting up tensions. Can you give some examples of what's been happening?

(A) Beijing has been sending warplanes into Taiwan's ADIZ [air defense identification zone] and they've been crossing over in record numbers. Chinese warplanes have been crossing into the southwest of Taiwan's ADIZ, crossing over the de facto median line between Taiwan and the Chinese mainland.
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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Below is an admittedly pro-Western source. A rebuttal would be most interesting.

'A Gift to Posterity': Four Men Who Risked the Wrath of Stalin to Photograph the Holodomor
by Dmytro Dzhulay and Coilin O'Connor

https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-holodom ... 35172.html

Introduction:
(Radio Free Europe) If the Bolsheviks had got their way, the story of the Holodomor might never have been told.

Intent on ruthlessly presenting an idealized portrait of the Soviet Union at home and abroad, the U.S.S.R.'s bureaucracy did its utmost to stifle news of the devastating man-made famine orchestrated by Soviet dictator Josef Stalin that killed some 4 million Ukrainians in 1932-33. Communist authorities forced peasants in Ukraine to join collective farms by requisitioning their grain and other food products.

Even when the world finally got wind of what was happening, Moscow relentlessly strived to play down the situation, issuing wholesale denials while making every effort to ensure that photographic evidence of the tragedy was either suppressed or destroyed.

Nonetheless, a handful of photographers managed to defy the Soviet authorities by capturing the horrors of the Holodomor on film.

Some of these images were surreptitiously taken by foreigners, most notably Alexander Wienerberger, James Abbe, and Whiting Williams. Their work was subsequently published in the West and was seen as an important visual corroboration of this human tragedy, which had been brought to wider attention by whistle-blowers such as Gareth Jones and Ewald Ammende.
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Here is the Wikipedia take on the Holodomor:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodomor

Introduction:
The Holodomor (Ukrainian: Голодомо́р, romanized: Holodomór, IPA: [ɦolodoˈmɔr];[2] derived from морити голодом, moryty holodom, 'to kill by starvation'),[a][3][4][5] also known as the Terror-Famine[6][7][8] or the Great Famine,[9] was a famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. It was a large part of the wider Soviet famine of 1932–1933. The term Holodomor emphasises the famine's man-made and allegedly intentional aspects such as rejection of outside aid, confiscation of all household foodstuffs and restriction of population movement. As part of the wider Soviet famine of 1932–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the country, millions of inhabitants of Ukraine, the majority of whom were ethnic Ukrainians, died of starvation in a peacetime catastrophe unprecedented in the history of Ukraine.[10] Since 2006, the Holodomor has been recognized by Ukraine[11] and 15 other countries as a genocide of the Ukrainian people carried out by the Soviet government.[12]
Early estimates of the death toll by scholars and government officials varied greatly.[13] A United Nations joint statement signed by 25 countries in 2003 declared that 7–10 million perished.[14] Current scholarship estimates a range of 4 to 7 million victims,[15] with more precise estimates ranging from 3.3[16] to 5 million.[17] According to the findings of the Court of Appeal of Kyiv in 2010, the demographic losses due to the famine amounted to 10 million, with 3.9 million direct famine deaths, and a further 6.1 million birth deficits.[18]
Whether the Holodomor was genocide is still the subject of academic debate, as are the causes of the famine and intentionality of the deaths.[19][20][21] Some scholars believe that the famine was planned by Joseph Stalin to eliminate a Ukrainian independence movement.[10][22] Others suggest that the man-made famine was a consequence of Soviet industrialisation.[23][24][25]
Etymology
Holodomor literally translated from Ukrainian means "death by hunger", "killing by hunger, killing by starvation",[26] or sometimes "murder by hunger or starvation."[24]
[2], etc. For footnotes, see article linked above quote box.
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caltrek
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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

Post by caltrek »

This article (see below) argues that not only was there a famine that struck Ukraine, but that Western sources were actually complicit in helping to cover up that famine, as opposed to using it for propaganda purposes:

https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/view ... c_sas_etds
January 3, 2020
(City University of New York)
Abstract
This paper discusses how the Holodomor (Ukrainian Genocide of 1932-1933) was effectively
covered up by Stalin with the help of compliant actors in the West. A confluence of media,
political, and economic interests in the West was critical in successfully covering up Stalin's
crimes against the Ukrainian people.
Don't mourn, organize.

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Re: Modern History (1800 – present)

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Devdutt Pattanaik Believes that the British Moved India from Caste-based to Religion-based Ecosystem Which Changed Everything Drastically
December 24, 2021

https://indianexpress.com/article/books ... k-7688705/

Introduction:
(The Indian Express) It was the British who moved India from its age-old caste based system to religion ecosystem and “suddenly the world changes drastically”, mythologist and author Devdutt Pattanaik said in a conversation with The Indian Express Executive Director Anant Goenka Friday.

Pattanaik, whose new book Eden looks at Jewish, Christian and Islamic Lore from an Indian lens, added: “The British come and say no, no, don’t look at caste, don’t look at vocation, look at religion. That’s the key differentiator”.

Talking about how monotheistic religions emerged differently from Indian thinking he explained: “In the Eden model, you need a prophet to tell you what to do. The Indian model says everything has to change (with time).” This “idea of impermanence”, according to him, allows Indians to adapt very rapidly and this is a good idea to tell the world.

It is sad that we are continuously using colonial frameworks to explain ourselves, he said. “I see some smart people talking about multiple tools…it’s almost like we are discovering it. This was always there in India. It’s there in Jainism, Buddhism, it’s there in Hinduism.”

While we are now wired to think that there can only be one idea, Pattanaik said that’s not the way life works. “The left brain likes linear thinking and likes one idea that’s like a bigger decision. The right brain looks at perspective, and has larger pictures. Indian thought tilts towards the right, it talks about perspective.”
Last edited by caltrek on Sun Jan 30, 2022 6:03 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Don't mourn, organize.

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